1110034C02Rik antibody, AW109958 antibody, Aprf antibody, APRF antibody, HIES antibody, Xstat3 antibody, aprf antibody, hies antibody, stat3 antibody, wu:fc15d02 antibody, wu:fl59g06 antibody, z-Stat3 antibody, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 antibody, signal transduction and activation of transcription 3 antibody, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, gene 1 L homeolog antibody, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (acute-phase response factor) antibody, STAT3 antibody, stat3 antibody, Stat3 antibody, stat3.1.L antibody
Background
STATs (signal transducers and activators of transcription) were originally discovered as two proteins (STAT1 and STAT2) which were involved in interferon alpha (IFN alpha) and IFN gamma signal transduction. Since then, several additional STAT proteins have been identified (STAT3, 4, 5a, 5b, and 6). STATs undergo tyrosine phosphorylation in response to growth factor or cytokine signaling. This phosphorylation results in dimerization and translocation of STAT proteins to the nucleus. In some cases this process is mediated by JAK Kinases (Janus Kinases 1, 2, and 3). For maximum activation of these proteins, phosphorylation at specific tyrosine and serine residues may be required in STAT1 alpha, 3, 4, and 5. Specific functions of the various members of the STAT family are poorly understood. STAT3 has been shown to be activated by IFN alpha but not IFN beta. The transcription factors associated with STAT3 are cJun and cyclic AMP responsive enhancer binding protein (CREB). Deletion of the STAT3 gene in knock out mice was lethal at the early embryonic stage. STAT1 and STAT2 are induced by IFN alpha and forn 1, a heterodimer which is part of the ISGF transcription factor complex. The STAT3 protein is expressed in most cell types and is activated by multiple cytokines and growth factors including: IFNa, IL10, IL6, IL11, IL12, IL2, EGF, among others. STAT3 beta appears to be activated by both EGF and IL6, but STAT3 alpha is only activated by EGF. STAT3 binds to DNA as either a homodimer or as a heterodimer with STAT1. STAT3 interacts with the APRE acute phase response element) and SIE (csis inducible element). STAT4, predominantly expressed in testis and myeloid cells, is activated by ILl2. STAT5 is activated by prolactin and IL3. STAT6 participates in signaling pathways mediated by IL4.Synonyms: APRF, Acute-phase response factor, STAT-3, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3