Tyrosine nitration is a posttranslational modification generated by a nitrogen free radical (peroxinitrite ONOO^-). This reactive nitrogen specie reacts with macromolecules of the organism and alters their functions. This modification can lead to cell death during cell-stress conditions. Nitration is involved in many signalling pathways and plays a role in diverse research-areas ranging from Alzheimer's Disease over Immunology to Virology.  » Read more

Autophagy is a cell-function that takes care of destruction and recycling of cell components. Thereby autophagy assures a balance between synthesis and catalysis of cell components. Autophagy is also part of the immune response, and belongs to the innate immune system. Malfunctions of autophagy can lead to development of various diseases. Now antibodies-online.com offers more than 140 antibodies for research in the field of autophagy.

Heat shock proteins (HSP) support the maintenance of three dimensional structures of proteins for instance by protecting them from denaturation due to heat. They can be found everywhere in the organism and are expressed extensively, for example, under stress condition caused by exposure to high heat, UV-rays or ethanol.  » Read more

Cancer cells have a high demand for cysteine as precursor of the antioxidant, glutathione, that is required to promote cell growth and division. The aim of a recent study by S Kandil, L Brennan, and GJ McBean, was to evaluate the relative contribution of different metabolic pathways to glutathione synthesis in astrocytoma/glioblastoma cells. The major finding was, that glutathione depletion causes a JNK- and p38MAPK -mediated increase in expression of cystathionine-γ-lyase that promotes flux through the transsulfuration pathway to compensate for loss of glutathione in C6 glioma cells. This study has been carried out with antibodies supplied by antibodies-online.com.

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