News
New possibilities for manipulating Notch signalling
The Notch pathway is responsible for the correct development of many tissues and cell types. Recent findings link mutations and/or abnormal signalling of Notch receptors with the onset of human diseases. Therefore, the Notch pathway is a promising therapeutic target. Unfortunately, until recently, there have been no specific inhibitors and/or agonists for human Notch receptors (NOTCH1-4), leaving the potential unexplored. » Read more
Nutritional Control of Reproductive Status in Honeybees via DNA Methylation
Areas: DNA
Silencing the expression of DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3 in newly hatched Apis larvae leads to a royal jelly-like effect on larva development. According to scientists from the Australian National University, the majority of larvae treated with Dnmt3 siRNA grew up to be queens with fully developed ovaries. » Read more
Listeriolysin O allows Listeria monocytogenes replication in macrophage vacuoles
Areas: Bacteria, Immunology
A recent study revealed that Listeria monocytogenes can replicate in the vacuoles within macrophages. Cheryl L. Birmingham and her team from the University of Toronto in Canada observed the localisation of bacteria in large LAMP1+ compartments that they denoted spacious Listeria-containing phagosomes (SLAPs). The SLAPs could also be seen in vitro. They turned out to be non-acidic and non-degradative compartments that are generated in an autophagy-dependent manner. » Read more
Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonism as a Possible Therapy for Alcoholism
A lab group from the National Institutes of Health (USA) investigated the role of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) in alcohol dependence and treatment. NK1R is a mediator of behavioural stress responses and the stress system of the brain and is an important factor for continued alcohol (ab)use and relapse. » Read more
Endogenous human microRNAs that suppress breast cancer metastasis
A set of microRNAs were discovered to be general regulators of cancer metastasis. Scientist from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York (USA) now demonstrated, how restoring the expression of these microRNAs in malignant cells can suppress lung and bone metastasisation of human cancer cells in vivo. » Read more
Reprogramming of human somatic cells to pluripotency with defined factors
Areas: Transcription Factors
Defective tryptophan catabolism underlies inflammation in chronic granulomatous disease of mice
Areas: immunology, metabolism
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disease, fatally impairing children's ability to survive infections. The cause is a lack of NADPH oxidase activity in the phagocytes that can not generate reactive oxygen species, most notably superoxide anion. Recurring bacterial and fungal infections are the consequences. Patients with CGD also suffer from chronic inflammatory conditions, most prominently granuloma formation in hollow viscera. » Read more
Association of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus with C8orf13-BLK and ITGAM-ITGAX
Areas: DNA, Immunology
Two novel genetic loci associated with risk for systemic lupus erythematosus were found by scientists of the company Genentech. One locus turned out to encode for a promoter-region allele associated with weaker expression of B lymphoid tyrosine kinase and stronger expression of C8orf13 (chromosome 8p23.1). Individuals carrying the risk allele also displayed altered levels of messenger RNA in their B-cell lines. The second locus is on chromosome 16p11.22, close to the gene loci encoding for integrin alpha M (ITGAM, or CD11b) and integrin alpha X (ITGAX). » Read more
A Shared Docking Motif in TRF1 and TRF2 Used for Differential Recruitment of Telomeric Proteins
Area: Signalling
The binding of TRF1 and TRF2 to their shared binding partner TIN2 and other shelterin accessory factors takes place in two different ways. TRF1 binds to TIN2 through its TRF homology (TRFH) domain, which is also used for binding with shelterin-associated factor PinX1. The TIN2 binding site of TRF2 lies outside the TRFH domain. Instead, the TRFH domain functions as docking site for shelterin accessory factor Apollo. Interestingly, Apollo and the TRF1 TRFH domain do not interact.
» Read more
Spine-Type-Specific Recruitment of Newly Synthesized AMPA Receptors with Learning
Area: Neurology
Learning-associated newly synthesized GluR1 were selectively recruited to mushroom-type spines in adult hippocampal CA1 neurons 24 hours after fear conditioning, as the study conducted by the Institute for Childhood and Neglected Diseases demonstrates.
The scientists analysed the dynamics of newly synthesized AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) in regard to learning. For this task they used transgenic mice expressing the GluR1 subunit fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP-GluR1). The fusion protein was under the control of the c-fos promoter. » Read more
The scientists analysed the dynamics of newly synthesized AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) in regard to learning. For this task they used transgenic mice expressing the GluR1 subunit fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP-GluR1). The fusion protein was under the control of the c-fos promoter. » Read more
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