HMGB1 Protein (AA 1-215)

Catalog No. ABIN2666551

Product Details

Target: HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1))

Protein Type: Recombinant

Biological Activity: Active

Protein Characteristics: AA 1-215

Origin: Human

Source: HEK-293 Cells

Application: Cytometry by Time of Flight (CyTOF), Flow Cytometry (FACS)

Purity: > 95 % , as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.

Sterility: 0.22 μm filtered

Endotoxin Level:

Less than 0.01 ng per μg cytokine as determine by the LAL method.

Application Details

Application Notes: Optimal working dilution should be determined by the investigator.

Comment:

Biological activity: ED50 of 3.0 - 15 μg/ml, as determined by induction of TNF-α in RAW 264.7 monocyte/macrophage mouse cells.

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Format: Liquid

Reconstitution: For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening. The protein can be aliquoted and stored at -20 °C to -70 °C. Stock solutions can also be prepared at 50 - 100 μg/mL in sterile buffer (PBS, HPBS, DPBS, or EBSS) containing carrier protein such as 0.2 - 1 % BSA or HSA and stored in working aliquots at -20 °C to -70 °C.

Buffer: 0.22 μm filtered protein solution is in PBS, pH 7.2.

Handling Advice: Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Storage: -20 °C

Storage Comment: Unopened vial can be stored between 2°C and 8°C for one month, at -20°C for six months, or at -70°C for one year.

Target Details

Target: HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1))

Alternative Name: HMGB1 (HMGB1 Products)

Synonyms: HMG1 Protein, HMG3 Protein, SBP-1 Protein, DEF Protein, HMG-1 Protein, Hmg1 Protein, amphoterin Protein, p30 Protein, hmgb1 Protein, ik:tdsubc_1a5 Protein, wu:fb23c02 Protein, xx:tdsubc_1a5 Protein, zgc:56110 Protein, zgc:77104 Protein, hmg-1 Protein, hmg3 Protein, sbp-1 Protein, hmg1 Protein, HMGB1 Protein, Ac2-008 Protein, high mobility group box 1 Protein, high-mobility group box 1 Protein, high mobility group box 1a Protein, high mobility group box 1 L homeolog Protein, high mobility group protein B1 Protein, HMGB1 Protein, Hmgb1 Protein, hmgb1 Protein, hmgb1a Protein, hmgb1.L Protein, LOC100359149 Protein

Background: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a protein highly conserved across species that is present in the nuclei (chromatin associated) and cytoplasm of all cells. In the cytoplasm, HMGB1 is a critical regulator of autophagy, enhances cell survival, and limits apoptosis. It also acts as a chaperone that reduces protein aggregation caused by heat or chemical stress. HMGB1 is released to the extracellular milieu by inflammatory cells and by necrotic and apoptotic cells. Once released, it functions as an inflammatory cytokine and it is secreted by macrophages and monocytes as a late response to LPS, TNF-α, IL-1β, or IFN-γ. Interestingly, the inflammatory activity of extracellular HMGB1 is dependent upon its redox state. The protein possesses three cysteine residues: C23, C45, and C106. In its reduced state, HMGB1, (-SH), has chemotactic activity, whereas HMGB1, with a disulfide bond between C23 and C45, induces cytokine production and the activation of NF-κB. The fully oxidized form has no immune function, losing its proinflammatory effect and the caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death activation function. HMGB1 interacts with several molecules, such as IL-1β, RNA, DNA, LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and CXCL12. Thus, HMGB1 displays greater proinflammatory activity through cytokine binding, and the chemotactic property is mediated by CXCL12 binding. Extracellular HMGB1 contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, which include: sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, chronic kidney disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cancer. It has also been associated to chronic pain and delayed gastric ulcer healing in mice.

Molecular Weight: The 215 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 24.8 kDa. The DTT-reduced and non-reduced protein migrate at approximately 38 and 40 kDa respectively by SDS-PAGE. The predicted N-terminal amino acid is Met

Pathways: p53 Signaling, Regulation of Muscle Cell Differentiation, Skeletal Muscle Fiber Development, Positive Regulation of Endopeptidase Activity, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolic Process, Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Inflammasome