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Hepatocyte-specific ablation of Foxa2 alters bile acid homeostasis and results in endoplasmic reticulum stress

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 14:09:00 +0100

The winged helix transcription factor Foxa2 is required for normal bile acid homeostasis, as a study conducted by Irina M. Bochkis and colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania (USA). The bile production in the liver is essential for the absorption of lipophilic nutrients. If the bile acid homeostasis is disrupted, cholestatic liver disease and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can be the results.

Effective induction of high-titer antibodies by viral vector vaccines

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Thu, 13 Nov 2008 14:08:00 +0100

A lab group from the University of Oxford discovered that a recombinant adenovirus–poxvirus prime-boost immunisation regime which induces strong T-cell immunogenicity is able to cause fulminant antigen-specific antibody responses. The scientists found a simple, complement-based adjuvant to support immunogenicity even more.

Y-box-1 protein (Yb-1) and breast cancer: Prognostic factor and target for therapy

news@antikoerper-online.de (Tim Hiddemann) — Mon, 03 Nov 2008 22:08:00 +0100

A research group at the University of British Columbia (Vancouver) led by Sandy Dunn underlined the potential of Y-box-1 (YB-1) for the prognosis and therapy of breast cancer in two recent publications.

NALP3 inflammasome is involved in the innate immune response to amyloid-beta

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Tue, 28 Oct 2008 11:28:00 +0100

The inflammasome of cytoplasmic receptor NALP3 was identified by Annett Halle and her colleagues from the University of Massachusetts (USA) as a sensor of amyloid-β in a process in which amyloid-β is phagocytosed, followed by lysosomal damage and the release of cathepsin B.

Adenovirus Small e1a Alters Global Patterns of Histone Modification

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Tue, 28 Oct 2008 11:23:00 +0100

A research team from the University of California recently showed that adenovirus small early region 1a (e1a) protein interaction with p300 and CBP result in a threefold reduction of total cellular histone H3 lysine 18 acetylation (H3K18). CBP and p300 seem to be essential for the reaction at this position because a specific hypoacetylation occurs at H3K18 upon knockdown of their genes. The SV40 T antigen was also observed to trigger H3K18 hypoacetylation.

Plant Immunity Requires Conformational Charges of NPR1 via S-Nitrosylation and Thioredoxins

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Tue, 28 Oct 2008 11:21:00 +0100

NPR1 is regulated by the opposing action of S-nitrosoglutathione and thioredoxins, as Yasuomi Tada and colleagues from the Duke University (USA) report.

The Spread of Ras Activity Triggered by Activation of a Single Dendritic Spine

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Tue, 28 Oct 2008 11:13:00 +0100

As scientists from the Watson School of Biological Sciences discovered, calcium ion-dependent synaptic signals in neurons can spread to couple multiple synapses on short stretches of dendrites. Individual dendritic spines segregate calcium ion accumulations from the dendrite and other spines. The accumulations were mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor.

Autophagy Is Essential for Preimplantation Development of Mouse Embryos

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Thu, 09 Oct 2008 08:42:00 +0200

Autophagic degradation within early embryos seems to be essential for preimplantation development in mammals. A research group from the Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan analysed the degradation of maternal proteins in oocytes upon fertilisation.

Modulation of Gene Expression via Disruption of NF-kappa-B Signaling by a Bacterial Small Molecule

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Thu, 09 Oct 2008 08:40:00 +0200

The bacterial N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (C12) selectively impairs the regulation of NF-κ-B functions in activated mammalian cells, according to the data of a research group from The Scripps Research Institute (USA). The nuclear transcription factor NF-κ-B is indispensable for the defence of the body against invading microbial pathogens. Activation of NF-κ-B controls the innate immune response, thus eradicating harmful pathogens.

Anomalous Type 17 Response to Viral Infection by CD8+ T Cells Lacking T-bet and Eomesodermin

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Thu, 09 Oct 2008 08:37:00 +0200

CD8+ T cells that have defective transcription factors T-bet and eomesodermin (Eomes) were shown to be unable to defend the body against lymphocytic choriomeningitis viral infection, as a study conducted by the University of Pennsylvania demonstrates.

Eco1-Dependent Cohesin Acetylation During Establishment of Sister Chromatid Cohesion

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Fri, 26 Sep 2008 10:14:00 +0200

Eco1 modifies cohesin to stabilise sister chromatid cohesion. This has been observed by scientists from the Cancer Research UK London Research Institute. Sister chromosomes are bound to each other by chromosomal cohesin complexes ever since their synthesis in the S phase of mitosis. This is dependent on the acetyl transferase Eco1. Eco1 is associated with the replication fork but its way of function is yet unknown.

Identifying Autism Loci and Genes by Tracing Recent Shared Ancestry

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Fri, 26 Sep 2008 10:11:00 +0200

Subject of the study were families in which the parents were blood-related, which stresses the importance of heredity. The scientists analysed loci with large inherited homozygous deletions that were probably mutations. Among the genes affected by those deletions were PCDH10 (protocadherin 10) and DIA1 (deleted in autism1, or c3orf58). The expression intensity of these genes changed according to neuronal activity, attributing thus to synaptic changes that underlie learning. Some other genes, like NHE9 (Na+/H+ exchanger 9), were also observed to carry possible mutations in patients with unrelated parents.

Endothelins are vascular-derived axonal guidance cues for developing sympathetic neurons

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Fri, 26 Sep 2008 10:08:00 +0200

Vascular-derived endothelins seem to be essential to axonal pathfinding and thus for the developing nervous system.

Transcription factor EBF restricts alternative lineage options and promotes B cell fate commitment independent of Pax5

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Thu, 11 Sep 2008 14:01:00 +0200

In the absence of early B cell factor (EBF), 'expandable' and clonal lymphoid progenitor cells seem to retain considerable myeloid potential. EBF is assumed to play a part in the lineage restriction and B cell fate commitment that also require transcription factor Pax5. EBF induces Pax5 and inhibits the expression of genes encoding for the transcription factors C/EBPalpha, PU.1 and ID2.

Smad3 and NFAT cooperate to induce Foxp3 expression through its enhancer

news@antikoerper-online.de (Anna Lena Marwedel) — Thu, 11 Sep 2008 13:59:00 +0200

Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania generated a model system for analysing Foxp3 induction and identified an enhancer element in this gene when they used their model system with primary T-cells.