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Whole exome sequencing (WES) of an affected fetus, and subsequent Sanger sequencing of the second fetus, revealed a homozygous frameshift variant in CRADD, which encodes an adaptor protein that interacts with PIDD and caspase-2 to initiate apoptosis
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NPM1-dependent nucleolar PIDDosome is a key initiator of the caspase-2 activation cascade.
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PIDD expression was lower in HCC tissues and HCC cell lines, compared with the adjacent non-tumorous tissues and LO2 normal hepatocytes. PIDD could serve as an independent prognostic factor to predict the survival of HCC patients. PIDD facilitated cell cycle progression and accelerated cell proliferation in HepG2 cells, while overexpression of PIDD resulted in cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in Hep3B cells.
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By sequestering PIDD at the kinetochore, BubR1 acts to delay PIDDosome formation until the next cycle, defining a new mechanism by which cells evade apoptosis during mitosis.
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The ATM phosphorylation of the PIDD DD enables a binary switch through which cells elect to survive or die upon DNA injury.
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PIDD performs key functions upon UV irradiation, including TLS, NHEJ, NF-kappaB activation and cell death.
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Hsp90 has a major role in controlling PIDD functional activity.
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a new splicing variant of PIDD named PIDD4 is reported.
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point mutations on RAIDD (R147E) and on PIDD (Y814A) exert a dominant negative effect on the formation of the PIDDosome, and that this effect cannot be applied after the PIDDosome has been formed
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Total caspase-2 is upregulated during tumour progression in renal cell carcinomas.
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activation of caspase-2 occurs in a complex that contains PIDD, whose expression is induced by p53, and RAIDD; increased PIDD expression resulted in spontaneous activation of caspase-2 and sensitization to apoptosis by genotoxic stimuli
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PIDD plays a critical role in DNA-damage-induced NF-kappaB activation, controlling the balance between life and death upon DNA damage.
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The functional consequences of the identified PIDD/nucleolin interaction remain to be elucidated, but may be related to a recently discovered new role for PIDD in the activation of NF-kappaB upon genotoxic stress.
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PIDD autoproteolysis marks the bifurcation between pro-death caspase-2 and pro-survival NF-kappaB pathway
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PIDD death domain (DD) and RAIDD DD assemble into an oligomeric complex. Within the PIDDosome, the interaction between PIDD and RAIDD is mediated by a homotypic interaction between their death domains.
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No correlation between Pidd expression and the p53 mutation status of oral squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting that Pidd expression may be regulated by p53-independent mechanisms.
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PIDD isoforms are capable of activating nuclear factor-kappaB in response to genotoxic stress, but only isoform 1 interacts with RIP-associated ICH-1/CED-3 homologous protein with a death domain and activates caspase-2.
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p53-mediated apoptosis occurs by a PIDD- and caspase 2-dependent mechanism, and p53's full transcriptional regulatory functions may be required only for events that are downstream of cytochrome c release
