Serine Racemase (SRR) ELISA Kits

Human Serine Racemase (SRR) interaction partners

1. SRR was identified as a type 2 diabetes susceptibility gene. SRR plays a role in insulin secretion in vitro.

2. rs391300 SNP, located on the serine racemase (SRR) gene and linked to increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes, was associated with progression from mild cognitive impairment to probable Alzheimer's disease.

3. Study found an inverse association between the genetic risk off schizophrenia based on 108 genome-wide significantly associated SNPs and the prevalence for treated migraine in a general population sample. This association was primary linked to SNPs associated with genes encoding proteins involved in glutamatergic neurotransmission and could be attributed to the single intronic variant rs4523957 in SRR.

4. Data suggest that Ser-84 and Arg-135 are important in catalysis and substrate specificity of SRR.

5. Magnesium and calcium ions differentially affect human serine racemase activity and modulate its quaternary equilibrium toward a tetrameric form

6. MiR-193a-3p and miR-193a-5p play important roles in osteosarcoma metastasis through down-regulation of the Rab27B and SRR genes and therefore may serve as useful biomarkers for the diagnosis of osteosarcoma

7. Loss-of-function mutation of the gene encoding serine racemase significantly attenuates excitotoxicity in retina.

8. Serine racemase activity and dynamics are regulated by halides, ATP and malonate.

9. In serine racemase, similarly to the related enzyme alanine racemase, the unprotonated pyridoxal-5'-phosphate -substrate intermediate is stabilized mostly due to solvation effects contributed by water molecules and active-site residues.

10. FBXO22 protein is required for optimal synthesis of NMDA receptor coagonist D-serine by interacting with serine racemase, activating it, and preventing its targeting to membranes.

11. cross-talk between allosteric and active sites, leading to the stabilization of two alternative protein conformations with ATP affinities of ~ 10 muM and 1.8 mm

12. S84A serine racemase mutant behaved like serine dehydratase, whereas A65S serine dehydratase mutant acquired an additional function of using D-serine as a substrate.

13. Six SNP(rs7754840 in CDKAL1, rs391300 in SRR, rs2383208 in CDKN2A/2B, rs4402960 in IGF2BP2, rs10830963 in MTNR1B, rs4607517 in GCK)risk alleles of type 2 diabetes were associated with GDM in pregnant Chinese women.

14. The structural characteristics of SR obtained from live cells suggest that SR is sensitive to oxidation in vivo, perhaps consistent with a scenario in which such modification plays a role in feedback or other forms of regulation.

15. Serine racemase and D-serine are involved in both pre-symptomatic and progressive phases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, demonstrating a link between mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 and a glial-derived toxic mediator in transgenic mice.

16. The SRR mRNA is elevated in people death with suicide.

17. The structure of mammalian serine racemase: evidence for conformational changes upon inhibitor binding

18. Data report on the isolation of a cDNA encoding a human serine racemase (SRR) from a human neuronal like cell line.

19. D-serine is synthesized in human placenta by the racemization of L-serine by serine racemase.

20. serine racemase catalyzes the degradation of cellular D-serine itself, through the alpha,beta-elimination of water

Mouse (Murine) Serine Racemase (SRR) interaction partners

1. Study to demonstrate that serine racemase inhibitor alleviates neuronal ischemic injury. Serine racemase inhibition acts on the neurovascular unit as a neuroprotectant and ameliorant of reductions in regional cerebral blood flow.

2. These findings reveal the NMDAR-independent roles of SR in metabolism and cell survival.

3. These data reveal the first evidence that Srr may regulate glucose homeostasis in peripheral tissues and provide circumstantial evidence that D-serine may be an endogenous islet NMDAR co-agonist in beta-cells.

4. This study demonstrated that SR deficiency reduces retinal pigment epithelial cells response to laser-induced inflammatory stimuli, resulting in decreased production of a cascade of pro-angiogenic cytokines, including(.) NO and VEGF, and reduced macrophage recruitment, which contribute synergistically to attenuated angiogenesis.

5. results indicate that SRR indeed acts as a d-Asp biosynthetic enzyme in some organs and/or tissues, and also provide evidences that there should be some additional enzyme for d-Asp synthesis in mammals.

6. data show neuronal serine racemase could regulate the extracellular D-serine signaling responsible for N-methyl-D-aspartate type glutamate receptor activation in the hippocampus

7. The retinal levels of d-serine are tightly controlled during the first week of postnatal life and vary according to deficiencies in Serine racemase.

8. In the neocortex and hippocampus only 24-40% of interneurons expressed serine racemase.

9. SR interacts with the synaptic proteins, postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) and stargazin, forming a ternary complex.

10. The findings of this study suggest that D-serine-dependent NMDAR activity is involved in mediating the cellular and behavioral effects of 5-HT2AR activation.

11. serine racemase in the skin epidermis is involved in the differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes and the formation of the skin barrier

12. Disruption of D-serine synthesis, by blocking SRR, during developmental stages leads to behavioral abnormalities relevant to prodromal symptoms and schizophrenia.

13. SRR and/or d-serine may be involved in the production of d-aspartic acid in mouse forebrains

14. The serine racemase-null mutant mouse has less than 10% of normal brain D-serine in a model of schizophrenia

15. The present findings suggest that serine racemase may be a target for the development of new therapeutic strategies for epileptic seizures.

16. Serine racemase is expressed by the main neuronal populations in most brain regions, irrespective of the excitatory or inhibitory nature of the cells. (Review)

17. Serine racemase is the major enzyme responsible for D-serine production in the mouse forebrain. Other pathways of D-serine production may exist in the brain and peripheral organs.

18. In forebrain, serine racemase is predominantly expressed in glutamatergic neurons, and co-release of glutamate and D-serine is required for optimal activation of post-synaptic NMDA receptors.

19. SRR-/- mice exhibited a significantly disrupted representation of the order of events in distinct experiences as showed by object recognition and odor sequence tests

20. Infarct volume following middle cerebral artery occlusion is dramatically diminished in several regions of the brains of serine racemase mutant mice despite evidence of increased NMDA receptor number and sensitivity.