Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) ELISA Kits

Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) interaction partners

1. The present mini-review provides an overview of recent findings relating GDF-9 and BMP-15 as fundamental factors implicated in the regulation of ovarian function and discusses their potential role as markers of oocyte quality in women.

2. Data suggest that GDF9 and BMP15 are oocyte-secreted factors with leading roles in control of ovarian function in female reproduction, modulating both fate of somatic granulosa cells and quality/developmental competence of the egg. (GDF9 = growth and differentiation factor-9; BMP15 = bone morphogenetic protein-15) [REVIEW]

3. the expression of BMP15 in follicular fluid and Smad1 in granulosa cells was significantly decreased in the PCOS group compared with the control (P<0.05). The data suggested that the BMP15/Smad1 signalling pathway may be involved in granulosa cell apoptosis

4. BMP15 did not seem critical for follicles to enter the growth phase. Genetic counselling should be performed and fertility preservation discussed before progressive loss of follicular reserve

5. Mutations in BMP15 associated with primary ovarian insufficiency reduce mature protein production, activity, or synergy with GDF9.

6. Human GDF9 and BMP15 act synergistically to stimulate granulosa cell proliferation, a response that also involves species-specific non-SMAD signalling pathways.

7. GDF9 c.169G>T (D57Y), c.546G>A (rs1049127), and BMP15 rs79377927 (788_789insTCT) were associated with premature ovarian failure in the Chinese Hui population.

8. BMP15 supplementation differentially modulates reductive metabolism and mitochondrial localization within the oocyte.

9. results support a model of activation for human GDF9 dependent on cumulin formation through heterodimerization with BMP15. Oocyte-secreted cumulin is likely to be a central regulator of fertility in mono-ovular mammals.

10. GDF9 and BMP15 expression is reduced in primordial, primary, and secondary follicles in ovarian tissues of PCOS patients.

11. The results showed no direct association between BMP15-9G or 852T and the development of premature ovarian failure (POF). Women with the 538A mutation are up to five times more likely to develop POF. The 788insTCT polymorphism had low biological impact.

12. the BMP15 c.-9G allele is related to BMP15 increased transcription, supporting c.-9C>G as a causal agent of premature ovarian failure

13. BMP15 polymorphism is not associated with ovarian reserve.

14. BMP15 is a critical regulator of folliculogenesis and granulosa cell activities. Variations in BMP15 gene dosage have a relevant influence on ovarian function and can account for several defects of female fertility.

15. Data suggest upregulation of mRNA for BMP15 and GDF9 (growth differentiation factor 9) in cumulus granulosa cells serves as biomarker for oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryo quality, and pregnancy in couples undergoing ICSI for male infertility.

16. Oocyte-derived BMP15 decreases gap junction intercellular communication activity between human granulosa cells by down-regulating Cx43 expression, most likely via a Smad-dependent signaling pathway.

17. BMP15 down-regulates StAR expression and decreases progesterone production in human granulosa cells, likely via ALK3-mediated SMAD1/5/8 signaling.

18. Data from cultured mouse preantral follicles suggest that [human recombinant] BMP15 promotes follicle growth in short term (24 hours) incubation; subsequently BMP15 (48-72 hours) causes follicular atresia with increased granulosa cell apoptosis.

19. genetic association studies in population of women in Spain: Data suggest an association between an SNP in BMP15 (rs3897937) and age at menopause; thus, duration of fertility in women may have genetic determinants involved in estrogen metabolism.

20. BMP15 and GDF9 transcript levels increase in mature oocytes from women with polycystic ovary syndrome after ovarian stimulation, and might inhibit the progesterone secretion by follicular cells

Mouse (Murine) Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) interaction partners

1. these data provide evidence that the preovulatory LH surge leads to upregulation of several forms of BMP15 protein secreted by the oocyte for putative sequestration and/or interaction with ovarian follicular somatic cells.

2. Data show that Rac1 induced nuclear import of STAT3 by physical binding, and nuclear STAT3 directly activated the transcription of essential oocyte-specific genes, including Jagged1, GDF9 and BMP15.

3. results support a model of activation for human GDF9 dependent on cumulin formation through heterodimerization with BMP15. Oocyte-secreted cumulin is likely to be a central regulator of fertility in mono-ovular mammals.

4. modified oocyte glycoproteins alter GDF9:BMP15 expression modifying follicle development resulting in the generation of more follicles

5. findings that GDF9:BMP15 heterodimers are the most bioactive ligands in mice and humans compared with homodimers explain many puzzling genetic and physiological data and have important implications for improving female fertility in mammals

6. show that purified mature regions of GDF9 and BMP15 synergistically interact in a specific manner which is not dependent on the presence of a pro-region.

7. Integral role of GDF-9 and BMP-15 in ovarian function.

8. oocyte-derived GDF9 and Bmp15 coordinate to promote the development of cumulus cells E2 and oocyte-derived paracrine factors GDF9 and bone morphogenetic protein 15 coordinate to promote the development of cumulus cells

9. The results showed that both GDF-9 and BMP-15 were detectable in oocytes from primary follicles onward, besides, BMP-15 also presented in granulosa cells (GCs) and follicular follicle of mature follicles in mouse

10. bone morphogenetic protein-15 could play a physiological role in the monotropic rise of FSH secretion by the pituitary during the estrous and menstrual cycle

11. GCNF-dependent repression of Bmp15 mediates gamete regulation of female fertility.

12. Bmp15 has a role in the development and function of the oocyte-cumulus cell complex in mice.

13. Based on the biological role of BMP-15, defects in the production of mouse BMP-15 mature protein could correlate with the high ovulation quota and litter size observed in mice

14. The functional mature form of BMP-15 is barely detectable in mouse oocytes until just before ovulation, when it is markedly increased.

15. BMP15 levels increase during gonadotropin-induced follicular development, in parallel with oocyte maturation

16. oocyte-derived BMP15 and FGFs cooperate to promote glycolysis in cumulus cells.

17. oocyte-derived paracrine factors, particularly, BMP15 and GDF9, promote cholesterol biosynthesis in cumulus cells, probably as compensation for oocyte deficiencies in cholesterol production

18. RT-PCR data shows an increase in oogenesis specific gene transcripts (Nobox, Oct4, Bmp15, Gdf9, Oogenesin1 and Oogenesin2) between the primordial until the preantral stages, with the exception of the Oogenesin1 transcripts under gonadotropin-induction.

19. The highest Bmp15 mRNA levels were detected in oocytes in the pre-antral follicle stage.

Zebrafish Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) interaction partners

1. Females deficient in Bmp15 begin development normally but switch sex during the mid- to late- juvenile stage, and become fertile males.

2. Incubation with antiserum increased oocyte maturaation whereas incubation with recombinant human BMP-15 suppressed human chorionic gonadotropin-induced oocyte maturation.

3. BMP-15 modulates follicular growth and prevents premature oocyte maturation in zebrafish.

4. These findings suggest that activin-A, TGF-beta1, and BMP-15 may target common gene(s) to regulate oocyte maturation.

Cow (Bovine) Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) interaction partners

1. This study concluded that the improved pregnancy rate after porcine LH-induced ovulation reported previously occurred through greater activation of intrafollicular transforming growth factor-beta1 superfamily members, as these proteins promote cumulus expansion and oocyte competence.

2. Amphiregulin co-operates with bone morphogenetic protein 15 to increase bovine oocyte developmental competence.

3. In conclusion, BMP-15 should be considered as a potential genetic marker for sperm quality, based on its association with fresh sperm motility.

4. BMP15 and FGF10 stimulate expansion of in cumulus-oocyte complexes by driving glucose metabolism toward hyaluronic acid production and controlling gene expression in the ovulatory cascade.

5. Immunization against GDF9 and BMP15, alone or together, altered follicular development and ovulation rate in cattle.

6. BMP15 expression in the oocytes of calf and adult ovaries was not significantly different. BMP15 transcripts were detected in ovarian tissues, but were not detected in any other tissues examined by RT-PCR.

7. Maternal BMP15 transcripts persisted during oocyte in vitro maturation and fertilization and in preimplantation embryo until the five- to eight-cell or morula stage, but transcription was not reactivated at the time of embryonic genome activation.

8. polymorphism in the bovine bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) gene

Pig (Porcine) Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) interaction partners

1. These results show that GDF9 and BMP15 participate in cumulus expansion and that they stimulate MPF and MAPK activities in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation.

2. Report temporal regulation of BMP15 mRNA expression in the oocyte, granulosa and theca cells of developing preovulatory follicles in the pig.

3. BMP15mRNA and its encoded protein were expressed at low levels in immature oocytes and increased to the highest level at 18 h of IVM, which coincides with the time of cumulus cell expansion

Goat Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) interaction partners

1. bone morphogenetic protein 15 up-regulates the expression of Anti-Mullerian hormone via the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway, and this process involves the SRY-related HMG box 9 transcription factor in goats

2. Studied six SNPs in goat BMPR1B, BMP15, and GDF9 for their association with litter size in seven breeds of Indian goats. Found no association between these SNPs and prolificacy in the breeds investigated.

3. Expression of BMP15 (p < 0.01) and GDF9 (p < 0.05) mRNAs was more abundant in the small than the large antral follicles of Black Bengal goat.

4. Mutations in BMP15 gene has been associated with prolificacy.

5. The expression level of BMP15 mRNA in follicle of Lezhi black goat was 5.72-fold greater than that in Tibetan goat.