Cytoglobin Proteins (CYGB)

Zebrafish Cytoglobin (CYGB) interaction partners

1. The results uncover unexpected properties of zebrafish cytoglobin 1 and reveal the pivotal role of cytoglobin 1 in the transition of heme cytoglobin 1 from six-coordinate to five-coordinate oxygen carriers and nitrite reductases.

Mouse (Murine) Cytoglobin (CYGB) interaction partners

1. Cygb has a critical role in the regulation of vascular tone and disease. We suggest that modulation of the expression and NOD activity of Cygb represents a strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease

2. Expression of all fibrosis-related markers following bile duct ligation was significantly increased in Cygb(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice. Cygb deficiency enhances hepatocyte damage and inflammation.

3. we identified CYGB as an important regulator of osteosarcoma (OS) extravasation and highlighted the importance of the LEF1-CYGB regulatory axis in OS metastasis to the lungs.

4. This study demonstrated the role of CYGB in fibroblast cell motility and proliferation. CYGB could be a promising candidate for further studies as a potential target for diseases related to cell migration such as cancer and chronic wound treatment.

5. Thus, the absence of Cygb in pericytes provokes organ abnormalities, possibly via derangement of the nitric oxide and antioxidant defence system and through accelerated cellular senescence.

6. Findings provide evidence for the loss of globin-linked neuroprotection to be linked to Alzheimer's disease angiopathogenesis, while raising the possibility of REST/ NRSF being an upstream regulator.

7. Cygb, expressed in hepatic stellate cells during liver fibrosis, plays role in cancer development with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

8. Studied hepatic stellate cell cytoglobin involvement in acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity through the regulation of CYP2E1.

9. cytoglobin serves an important role in muscle repair and regeneration

10. Cygb deficiency induces susceptibility to cancer development in the liver and lungs of mice exposed to N,N-diethylnitrosamine

11. The anatomical data indicate a role in NO signalling for cytoglobin and involvement in sleep-wake cycling for cytoglobin and neuroglobin

12. The nuclear localization of cytoglobin opens new perspectives for possible function(s) of globin-folded proteins as transcriptional regulators.

13. differential expression of cytoglobin argues against a general respiratory function of this molecule, but rather indicates a connective tissue-specific function

14. cytoglobin is significantly upregulated upon hypoxia and this is dependent on the tissue and severity of hypoxia

15. In the neuronal retina, cytoglobin is expressed in a subset of neurons of the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers. Cytoglobin is also present in the inner plexiform layer, but absent from the pigment cells.

16. Cygb is an oxygen-responsive tissue hemoglobin expressed in distinct regions of thenormoxic and hypoxic brain and may play a key role in the response of the brain to ahypoxic insult.

17. Cygb expression is correlated with reactive oxygen species scavenging.

18. Data suggest that cytoglobin in neuronal cells might be specifically induced under oxidative stress to protect them from death.

19. cytoglobin contributes to cell-mediated NO dioxygenation and represents an important NO sink in the vascular wall.

20. Data suggest that the regulation of cytoglobin transcription by calcineurin-dependent transcription factors suggests that cytoglobin may have a functional role in calcium-dependent events accompanying cardiac remodeling.

Human Cytoglobin (CYGB) interaction partners

1. The results obtained in this study (1) show that plasma-produced reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can extensively oxidize proteins and (2) that the oxidation status of two redox-active cysteines lead to different conformations of CYGB.

2. Endothelial cells facilitate the ability of smooth muscle cells to metabolize nitric oxide through upregulation of cytoglobin.

3. FGF2 initiates CYGB transcription via the JNK pathway.

4. the study reveals a novel mechanism for the regulated expression of Cygb and also assigns a new role to Cygb in cell cycle control.

5. Data suggest that cytochrome b5 (CYB5) and cytochrome b5 reductase 3 (CYB5R3) can reduce human cytoglobin (CYGB) and zebrafish cytoglobins at rates up to 250-fold higher than those reported for the known physiological substrates, hemoglobin and myoglobin; the three proteins (CYB5+CYB5R3+CYGB) appear to constitute a metabolon involved in generation of nitric oxide.

6. DeltaNp63-CYGB axis is also present in lung and breast cancer cell lines, indicating that CYGB-mediated ROS-scavenging activity may also have a role in epithelial tumours

7. Propose a bipartite lipid binding model that rationalizes the modes of interactions of cytoglobin with phospholipids, the effects on structural re-arrangements and the peroxidase activity of the hemoprotein.

8. This review provides an overview of the proposed role of cytoglobin and explores its potential functional role as a biomarker for cancer and other diseases

9. Cygb, expressed in hepatic stellate cells during liver fibrosis, plays role in cancer development with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

10. Cygb stabilizes p53 by inhibiting its ubiquitination and elicit cell cycle arrest in DNA damaged cells.

11. The cysteine redox state of the monomer controls histidine dissociation rate constants and hence extrinsic ligand binding in human cytoglobin.

12. The monomeric cytoglobin protein with an internal disulfide bond between the two cysteine residues Cys38 and Cys83, interacts with lipids to induce a change in haem co-ordination.

13. Protein multimerization may be a mechanism that triggers physiological functions of human cytoglobin.

14. Our data provides evidence that cytoglobin regulates the ovarian cancer cell proliferation and invasion.

15. This review outlines the current understanding of Cygb's involvement in tumor hypoxia and discusses its role in tumorigenesis.

16. Molecular dynamics studies of four cytoglobinCO models indicated that the distal E7 residue was a crucial influence on the dynamics of cytoglobinCO in terms of loop fluctuations, cavity rearrangement, and slight heme motion.

17. Reduction of the internal disulfide bond between Cys 38 and 83 switches the ligand migration pathway in cytoglobin.

18. Cytoglobin is expressed in hepatic stellate cells, but not in myofibroblasts, in normal and fibrotic human liver, so it thus a useful marker to distinguish these cells.

19. Results show that CYGB revealed Tumor Suppressor Gene properties in normoxia but promoted tumourigenic potential of the cells exposed to stress, suggesting a bimodal function in lung tumourigenesis.

20. Ngb and Cygb are expressed in the solitary tract nucleus and in the carotid body, and may have roles in the processing of cardiovascular and respiratory reflex inputs