D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT) ELISA Kits

Mouse (Murine) D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT) interaction partners

1. TWEAK upregulates CD74 and its ligands MIF and DDT in renal tubular cells.

2. cardiomyocyte secretion of DDT has important autocrine/paracrine effects during ischemia-reperfusion that protect the heart against injury

3. These data point to a potential involvement of D-dopachrome tautomerase activity in the mature mouse brain, and suggest some functional and evolutionary relationship between innate immunity and tautomerization of D-dopachrome in mammalian species

4. These data indicate that D-DT is a MIF-like cytokine.

Human D-Dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT) interaction partners

1. results show that the minor allele frequency of rs755622 and expression of DDT are significantly increased in males for MS subjects and this minor allele variant can significantly upregulate DDT expression for males but not females, which suggests that the regulation of DDT expression level by rs755622 can affect MS progression in males.

2. D-dopachrome tautomerase transcription may be regulated in a cell-dependent manner, and was enhanced by AMPK activation in SGBS adipocytes through inhibiting the mTOR signaling

3. The knockdown of D-DT and MIF, individually and additively, inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion in HeLa and SiHa cells and restrained the growth of xenograft tumor.

4. These results have implications for the manner in which D-DT and MIF compete with each other for binding to the CD74 receptor and for the relative potency of DRa1-MOG-35-55 and RTL1000 for competitive inhibition of D-DT and MIF binding and activation through CD74.

5. Study demonstrated that DDT was over- expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues and cell lines in a pattern correlated with MIF, and knockdown of DDT and MIF in PANC- 1 cells cooperatively inhibited cell proliferation, invasion and tumor formation. The tautomerase activities of both MIF and DDT are required for their negative regulatory role in p53 and their tumor-promoting functions.

6. DDT was increased in burn patients.

7. Gene expression level of DDT is significantly higher in AD patients when compared to normal controls.

8. High MIF-2 levels are predictive of the development of organ dysfunction in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

9. Both p53 wildtype and mutant human lung adenocarcinoma tumors rely on MIF family members for maximal cell growth and survival.

10. findings identify DDT as a functionally redundant but more potent cytokine to MIF in cancer and suggest that current attempts to inhibit MIF signaling may fail because of DDT compensation.

11. D-dopachrome tautomerase secreted from adipocytes acts on preadipocytes to promote IL-6 expression and to inhibit adipogenesis by suppressing the induction of genes encoding adipogenic regulators

12. DDT acts on adipocytes to regulate lipid metabolism through AMPK and/or PKA pathway(s) and improves glucose intolerance caused by obesity.

13. These data indicate that D-DT is a MIF-like cytokine.

14. D-DT-dependent beta-catenin stabilization is regulated by COX-2 expression, suggesting the existence of an amplification loop between COX-2- and beta-catenin-mediated transcription in these cells

15. role of tautomerase active site of macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a potential target for discovery of novel anti-inflammatory agents

16. DDT is for the first time demonstrated in the skin and can be related to inflammation, and its covariation with MIF strengthens this observation.

17. D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor, individually and additively, promote vascular endothelial growth factor and CXCL8 expression in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines.