Ring Finger Protein, LIM Domain Interacting Proteins (RLIM)

Human Ring Finger Protein, LIM Domain Interacting (RLIM) interaction partners

1. These findings uncover a novel mechanism for the regulation of BRF1 and reveal RNF12 as an important regulator of Pol III-dependent transcription.

2. Results from a study on gene expression variability markers in early-stage human embryos shows that RLIM is a putative expression variability marker for the 3-day, 8-cell embryo stage.

3. missense mutation in RLIM gene was identified in four males with intellectual disability from a three-generation family.

4. RNF12 is a novel positive regulator of p53 pathway and an external E3 ubiquitin ligase for MDM2 destruction.

5. Rlim is a novel regulator of Stathmin protein in a ubiquitin-dependent manner, and represents a new pathway for malignant phenotype turnover by modulating the level of Stathmin protein in human osteosarcomas.

6. hus regulated nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of RLIM/Rnf12 coordinates cellular compartments during mammary alveolar cell survival

7. TP53 does not directly bind to the RLIM promoter, it physically interacts with and prevents the binding of Sp1 to the RLIM promoter.

8. these results indicated that RLIM is an important positive regulator in TGF-beta signaling pathway and cell migration.

9. RLIM represents a new pathway for telomere maintenance by modulating the level of TRF1 at telomeres.

10. These findings provide evidence for a dose-dependent role of RNF12 in the XCI counting and initiation process.

11. Functional analysis of the Xenopus homolog

Mouse (Murine) Ring Finger Protein, LIM Domain Interacting (RLIM) interaction partners

1. RNF12 targets pluripotency protein REX1 for degradation to initiate random X chromosome inactivation in embryonic stem cells.

2. the existence of Rlim-dependent and Rlim-independent pathways for random X chromosome inactivation in differentiating female embryonic stem cells.

3. These findings show that control of Lhx2 function by Ldb1 and Rnf12 underpins the coordinated differentiation of neurons and Muller glia in postnatal retina.

4. These results reveal crucial roles of Rlim for the maintenance of high Xist RNA levels, Xist clouds and X-silencing in female embryos at blastocyst stages, while initial Xist expression appears Rlim-independent.

5. In late preimplantation, Oct4 served as a chromatin opener to create transcriptional permissive states at Xm-Xist/Tsix genomic loci. In parthenogenetic embryos, Rnf12 overdose caused Xm-Xist derepression via Xm-Tsix repression; physiological Rnf12 levels were essential for Xm-Xist silencing maintenance in fertilized embryos.

6. high RNF12 levels may contribute to the specific activation of maternal Xist in XpDeltaXist female ROSI embryos, but upregulation of additional Xp derived factors and/or the specific epigenetic constitution of the round spermatid-derived Xp are expected to be more critical

7. results provide evidence that RLIM is dispensable for rXCI, indicating that in mice an RLIM-independent mechanism activates Xist in the embryo proper

8. The trans-activator RNF12 and cis-acting elements effectuate X chromosome inactivation independent of X-pairing.

9. RNF12 causes REX1 breakdown through dose-dependent catalysis, thereby representing an important pathway to initiate X-chromosome inactivation

10. Results provide strong evidence that RLIM/Rnf12 is required for the survival of differentiated milk-producing alveolar cells in pregnant and lactating female mice.

11. The X-inactivation trans-activator Rnf12 is negatively regulated by pluripotency factors in embryonic stem cells.

12. RNF12 is essential for initiation of XCI and is mainly involved in the regulation of Xist.

13. results assign crucial functions to the maternal deposit of Rnf12/RLIM for the initiation of imprinted X-chromosome inactivation

14. These findings provide evidence for a dose-dependent role of RNF12 in the XCI counting and initiation process.