Browse our anti-CLOCK (CLOCK) Antibodies

Fruit Fly (Drosophila melanogaster) Clock Homolog (Mouse) (CLOCK) interaction partners

1. Spliceosome factors target tim mRNA to control clock protein accumulation and circadian behavior in Drosophila.

2. In vivo functional characterization of PER O-GlcNAcylation sites indicates that O-GlcNAcylation at PER(S942) reduces interactions between PER and CLOCK (CLK), the key transcriptional activator of clock-controlled genes

3. experiments define the genetic architecture required to initiate circadian clock function in Drosophila, reveal mechanisms governing circadian activator stability that are conserved in perhaps all eukaryotes, and suggest that Clk, cyc, and cry expression is sufficient to drive clock expression in naive cells

4. propose that the dCLK/CYC-controlled TTFL operates differently in subsets of pacemaker neurons, which may contribute to their specific functions

5. ClkAR mutants showed significantly faster age-related locomotor deficits. Accelerated locomotor decline of the ClkAR mutant required expression of the PDF receptor and correlated to an apparent loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain

6. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factor CLOCKWORK ORANGE (CWO) antagonizes CLK-CYC E-box binding, thus enhancing the removal of CLK-CYC from E-boxes to maintain transcriptional repression. This process requires PER, which suggests that PER-TIM and CWO cooperate to maintain a transcriptionally repressed state by removing CLK-CYC from E-boxes

7. these results demonstrate a key role of Clk post-transcriptional control in stabilizing circadian transcription.

8. Our findings suggest a novel role for clock protein phosphorylation in governing the relative strengths of entraining modalities by adjusting the dynamics of circadian gene expression.

9. These results demonstrate that CLK phosphorylation influences the circadian period by regulating CLK activity and progression through the feedback loop.

10. Computational dissection of CLK/CYC context-specific binding sites reveals sequence motifs for putative partner factors, which are predictive for individual binding sites

11. usp8 loss of function (RNAi) or expression of a dominant-negative form of the protein (USP8-DN) enhances CLK/CYC transcriptional activity and alters fly locomotor activity rhythms

12. CLK has specific targets in different tissues, implying that important CLK partner proteins and/or mechanisms contribute to gene-specific and tissue-specific regulation

13. CTRIP destabilizes CLK protein in a PER-independent manner and helps degradation of phosphorylated PER and TIM in the morning

14. dPER(DeltaCBD) does not provoke the daily hyperphosphorylation of dCLOCK, indicating that direct interactions between dPER and dCLOCK are necessary for the dCLOCK phosphorylation

15. findings show that Clk and cyc act during starvation to modulate the conflict of whether flies sleep or search for food

16. Here we examined the consequences of loss of clock function on reproductive fitness in Drosophila melanogaster with mutated period (per(0)), timeless (tim(0)), cycle (cyc(0)), and Clock (Clk(Jrk)) genes

17. dCLK levels are critical in mediating the direct photostimulation of locomotor activity in Drosophila.

18. Stress response genes protect against lethal effects of sleep deprivation in Drosophila

19. role for VRI in the rhythmic repression of output genes that cycle in phase with Clk

20. Clk, vri, and Pdp-1 have roles in controlling Drosophila circadian oscillations, as shown in a simulation

Zebrafish Clock Homolog (Mouse) (CLOCK) interaction partners

1. Data suggest that Clock1a coordinates mesoderm development and primitive hematopoiesis in embryos by up-regulating Nodal-Smad3 signaling; Clock1a alterations produce embryonic defects with shortened body length, lack of ventral tail fin, or partial defect of the eyes; Clock1a activates Smad3a promoter via its E-box1 element. (Clock1a = clock circadian regulator a; Nodal = nodal modulator 1; Smad3a = SMAD family member 3a)

2. effect of CRY in repressing transcription mediated by CLOCK-BMAL heterodimer

3. zCRY and zPER2 regulate the sub-cellular distributions of zCLOCK.

4. Clock plays important roles in regulating the circadian rhythms in photoreceptor cells

5. endogenous CLOCK is essential for the transcriptional regulation of period1 in the embryo

Mouse (Murine) Clock Homolog (Mouse) (CLOCK) interaction partners

1. The predicted CLOCK regulated miRNAs at two time points participated in extremely diverse pathways. The study validated nine miRNAs (miR-125a-3p, miR-144, miR-199a-5p, miR-199b*, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-203, miR-449a, and miR-96), which were involved in the same signaling pathway-hippo signaling pathway.

2. Together these data indicate that NRF2 and clock comprise an interlocking loop that integrates cellular redox signals into tissue-specific circadian timekeeping.

3. Ovarian hormones protect female ClockDelta19/Delta19 mice from the development of age-dependent cardiomyopathy even though Clock function is disturbed.

4. The authors demonstrated here that Clock knockout mice resisted chemical carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis by suppressing epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-mediated proliferation signals.

5. Data show that differentially expressed in chondrocytes 1 protein (DEC1) and circadian locomoter output cycles kaput protein (CLOCK) bound to E-boxes in the beta1 subunit of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (ATP1B1) promoter and suppressed the expression of ATP1B1.

6. HNF4A strongly transrepresses the transcriptional activity of the CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer.

7. Carcinogenic exposure decreased BMAL1 and CRYI- expression in the skin, CLOCK expression was upregulated and CRYl downregulated in tumor compared to normal skin. BMAL1 expression increased under disrupted light regimen; melatonin treatment affected CLOCK expression in tumors and CRYI in skin at the carcinogens application sites.

8. CLOCK phosphorylation by AKT on Ser-845 regulates its nuclear translocation and the expression levels of certain core circadian genes in insulin-sensitive tissues.

9. The expression of Epcam mRNA, which is a functional marker of potential hepatic stem-like cells, was controlled by LEF1, which was regulated by CLOCK.

10. Results indicate that circadian locomotor output cycles kaput protein (CLOCK) overexpression triggers the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by directly upregulating plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) expression.

11. Low expression of CLOCK protein is associated with kidney tumor.

12. Clock:BMAL1 promotes a transcriptionally permissive chromatin landscape that primes its target genes for transcription activation rather than directly activating transcription. Environmental or pathological conditions can reprogram the rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes.

13. PML mediates the binding of PER2 to BMAL1 in the BMAL1/CLOCK heterodimer and is an important component in the organization of a functional clock complex in the nucleus.

14. Data show that CRY1 binds directly to the PAS domain core of CLOCK:BMAL1, driven primarily by interaction with the CLOCK PAS-B domain.

15. CLOCK temporally gates mast cell responses to IL-33 via regulation of ST2 expression. Our findings provide novel insights into IL-33/mast cell-associated physiology and pathologies.

16. Study showed that CLOCK can interact with RANBP9 and bind with mRNAs, demonstrating that CLOCK is involved in alternative splicing in spermatogenesis. These results reveal a novel mechanism for CLOCK in spermatogenesis.

17. TFEB regulates PER3 expression via glucose-dependent effects on CLOCK/BMAL1

18. ASS1 acetylation by CLOCK exhibits circadian oscillation in human cells and mouse liver, possibly caused by rhythmic interaction between CLOCK and ASS1, leading to the circadian regulation of ASS1 and ureagenesis.

19. Disruption of CLOCK protein alters cortical circuits and leads to generation of focal epilepsy.

20. Development of Mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated cardiac inflammation and fibrosis is dependent on intact signaling by the circadian protein CLOCK.

Human Clock Homolog (Mouse) (CLOCK) interaction partners

1. We found a significant association with CLOCK rs12649507 and cluster headache

2. In patients with insomnia, significantly higher levels of melatonin in the early morning hours were found in carriers of the CLOCK TT genotype in comparison with carriers of the minor C allele.

3. our present research illustrates a novel insight into the circadian clock proteins, CLOCK and BMAL1, which can promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells by affecting the formation of F-actin.

4. Basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were significantly reduced upon CLOCK depletion. The findings suggest an essential role for the circadian coordination of skeletal muscle glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism in humans.

5. The antidepressants efficacy of subjects with rs11932595 AA genotype was significantly higher than those with GG+GA genotypes (p = 0.035). But this p-value was not significant after false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment.

6. The proliferation of cells significantly decreased after the expression of CLOCK was knocked down in HepG2 cells.

7. The present study confirmed that circadian dysfunction is associated with the risk of PD in a Chinese population at the genetic level and provided a potential genetic locus related to PD and CLOCK rs1801260 polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to Parkinson's Disease.

8. The CLOCK SNP may affect daytime gastric motility less than food stimulation.

9. Significant associations for polymorphisms in CLOCK, NPSR1 and SLC6A3 with traffic crash parameters in professional bus drivers were found.

10. As a novel CLOCK-dependent diurnal gene, TIMP3 inhibits the expression of inflammatory cytokines that are up-regulated by UV irradiation in human keratinocytes.

11. the CLOCK gene polymorphism is one of factors determining elastic properties of vascular wall

12. Rhythmic luciferase activity from clock gene luciferase reporter cells lines was used to test the effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on clock properties as determined using the damped sine fit and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm.Glioma treatment with p38 MAPK inhibitors may be more effective and less toxic if administered at the appropriate time of the day.

13. data suggest that SNP variability in the CLOCK gene for rs6850524 and rs11932595 is associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortion in pregnancies from Slovenia and Serbia

14. Results indicated that inhibiting the circadian gene Clock expression can reverse the cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer SKOV3/DDP cell lines by affecting the protein expression of drug resistance genes during which autophagy plays an important role.

15. Low expression of CLOCK protein is associated with kidney tumor.

16. Association between HCRTR2, ADH4,CLOCK gene polymorphisms and cluster headache was not significant in the present study.

17. No association between 3111T/C Clock gene polymorphism and complaints of patients with insomnia was detected.

18. Study found three gene variants (CLOCK-rs4864548, PEMT-rs936108, and GHRELIN-rs696217) that exhibited uncorrected gene-by-sleep duration interactions in relation to BMI z-scores in a cohort of New Zealand European children. However, no interactions were identified in percentage body fat differences. Notably, these interactions are evident without detectable effects on sleep duration.

19. These findings suggest that upregulation of the circadian gene hClock plays an important role in metastasis of colorectal cancer.

20. results of this study suggest that genetic variability in the ARNTL and CLOCK genes might be associated with risk for multiple sclerosis

Xenopus laevis Clock Homolog (Mouse) (CLOCK) interaction partners

1. the second half of the photolyase homology region (PHR) of CRY is important for repression through facilitating interaction with CLOCK