Prodynorphin (PDYN) ELISA Kits

Human Prodynorphin (PDYN) interaction partners

1. PDYN and OPRK1 showed transcriptionally coordinated pattern that was significantly different between alcoholics and controls.

2. Absolute expression levels of PDYN were lower compared to those of OPRK1, suggesting that PDYN expression is a limiting factor in the DYN/KOR signaling, and that the PDYN downregulation diminishes efficacy of DYN/KOR signaling in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics.

3. Study investigated transcriptional regulation of Bipolar Disorder (BD) selected target genes by DNA methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with BD type I (BD-I) and type II (BD-II). The analysis of gene expression revealed prodynorphin (PDYN) mRNA levels significantly reduced in subjects with BD-II but not in those with BD-I.

4. Genetic and epigenetic factors within PDYN are related to risk for alcoholism.

5. These results indicate that KOR can form a heterodimer with B2R and this leads to increased protein kinase A activity by the CREB signaling pathway, leading to a significant increase in cell proliferation.

6. This study found a significant haplotype-by-sex interaction, suggesting association with alcohol dependence in males but not females. The findings suggest that sex-dependent effects of PDYN variants in alcohol dependence are phenotype-specific.

7. PDYN gene promoter polymorphism might contribute to familial-risk temporal lobe epilepsy. (Review, meta-analysis)

8. The results demonstrate that DYN 1-17 and certain N-terminal fragments, produced in an inflamed environment, play an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting NF-kappaB/p65 translocation.

9. Enhanced event-related potentials amplitudes suggest a hyper-active performance monitoring system in high PDYN expression individuals, and this might also be an indicator of a higher risk for internalizing disorders

10. This study generated the first mouse model for SCA23 and shown that mice expressing PDYN-R212W recapitulate many characteristics of the human phenotype of SCA23

11. The present findings revealed a male-limited association between VNTR polymorphism and heroin dependence risk.

12. Studied differential DNA-protein interactions of PDYN and OPRK1 SNPs significantly associated with alcohol dependence.

13. A genetic polymorphism of the endogenous opioid dynorphin modulates monetary reward anticipation in the corticostriatal loop.

14. REST represses PDYN expression in SH-SY5Y cells and the adult human brain and may have implications for mental health and brain/mental disorders.

15. This study demonistratedn that Neurocognitive and neuroinflammatory correlates of PDYN mRNA expression in the anterior cingulate in postmortem brain of HIV-infected subjects.

16. Data indicate that the minor allele of PDYN rs2281285 was associated with an increased risk of drinking to avoid/escape unwanted emotional or somatic events.

17. To investigate the frequency of SCA23 among the Chinese Han population, we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA direct sequencing of the PDYN gene in 305 unrelated ataxia patients

18. Our data corroborates recent work that also showed that PDYN mutations only account for a small percentage (~0.1 %) of European spinocerebellar ataxia cases.

19. PDYN mRNA expression was reduced in the postmortem human amygdala nucleus of the periamygdaloid cortex in both heroin abusers & major depressive disorder subjects.

20. The sequence variation in the PDYN gene contributes to both alcohol dependence and the induction of negative craving in alcohol-dependent subjects.

Mouse (Murine) Prodynorphin (PDYN) interaction partners

1. Study found that locally-released neurotensin (NT) and dynorphin (Dyn) antagonistically regulated central amygdala (CeA) inhibitory inputs onto oval bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (ovBNST) neurons. NT and Dyn respectively increased and decreased CeA-toovBNST inhibitory inputs through NT receptor 1 and kappa opioid receptor. NT and Dyn mRNAs were highly co-localized in ovBNST neurons.

2. Mechanical allodynia produced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) was enhanced in mice lacking KOR or PDYN gene. In contrast with the nociceptive manifestations induced by osteoarthritis, the increased microglial expression on the lumbar section of the spinal cord after MIA administration was similar in KOR-KO, PDYN-KO and WT littermates. Moreover, anhedonic- and anxiolytic-like states were revealed after MIA administration.

3. steroidal environment and energy state negatively regulate kisspeptin (Kiss1), neurokinin B (Tac2), and dynorphin (Pdyn) gene expression.

4. These pathways are consistent with previously reported behavioral and biochemical phenotypes that typify mice lacking ENT1. Moreover, we validated decreased expression of the SNARE complex protein VAMP1 (synaptobrevin-1) in the dHip as well as decreased expression of pro-dynorphin (PDYN), neuroendocrine convertase (PCSK1), and Leu-Enkephalin (dynorphin-A) in the nucleus accumbens

5. DYN-A(2-17) interacts with Orexin A in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus to modulate food intake in mice.

6. We found potential links between the alterations in expression of Tsc22d3, Nfkbia and Pdyn, and different aspects of susceptibility to stress.

7. This study identify that photostimulation of dyn-expressing cells in discrete subregions within the NAcSh drive opposing motivational behavioral states

8. The results of this study indicated that PDYN have a differential role in cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior.

9. Double NPY and dynorphin deletion resulted in heavier mice, with increased adiposity, despite no significant changes in food intake or UCP-1 activity.

10. These results suggest that elevated dynorphin expression occurring during aging and Alzheimer's disease may mediate cognitive deficits by altering the glutamatergic system integrity.

11. These findings identify a unique cellular process by which orexin can occlude the reward threshold-elevating effects of coreleased dynorphin and thereby act in a permissive fashion to facilitate reward.

12. When released from spinal inhibitory interneurons, dynorphin is a key modulator of pruritus.

13. Data suggest that activation of neurokinin 3 and kappa-opioid receptors (NK3R and KOR) excites and inhibits kisspeptin, neurokinin B (NKB), and dynorphin (KNDy neurons).

14. The results of this study suggested that elevated Pdyn expression during normal aging reduces mGluR expression and signaling, which in turn impairs cognitive functions and increases anxiety.

15. Thus the dynorphin system, acting via neuropeptide y, may represent a pathway by which higher processes including stress, reward/addiction and depression influence skeletal metabolism

16. Endogenous dynorphin plays a critical role in protecting dopaminergic neurons through its anti-inflammatory effects.

17. sex and genetic background have an effect on anxiety-related and stress-induced behaviour of prodynorphin-deficient mice

18. A role of dynorphin and kappa opioid receptor signaling are established in fear extinction that resulted in impaired extinction of context-specific fear response.

19. The results suggest that deletion of the PDYN gene increased vulnerability for ethanol consumption by altering, PENK, TH and DAT gene expression, and opioid receptor function in brain areas closely related to ethanol reinforcement.

20. Activation of the dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor system by forced swim stress may enhance nicotine-seeking behaviors. dynorphin release or

Cow (Bovine) Prodynorphin (PDYN) interaction partners

1. The investigation of Dyn A 1-17 metabolism at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is important since the metabolites exhibit unique biological functions compared to the parent compound.

Xenopus laevis Prodynorphin (PDYN) interaction partners

1. The Xen-dorphin prohormone is a new opioid-like prohormone distinct from proenkephalin and prodynorphin.

Pig (Porcine) Prodynorphin (PDYN) interaction partners

1. Porcine follicular cells (especially granulosa cells) may produce opioid peptides and that gonadotropins may modulate gene expression of their precursors in these cells.

2. The expression of the genes coding for proopiomelanocortin (POMC), proenkephalin (PENK) and prodynorphin (PDYN) in porcine luteal cells isolated from corpora lutea (CL) collected on days 3-6, 8-10 and 13-16 of the oestrous cycle is reported.

Rhesus Monkey Prodynorphin (PDYN) interaction partners

1. Influence of age and 17beta-estradiol on kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and prodynorphin gene expression in the arcuate-median eminence.