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The primary role of the S(52,56) residues of Vpu in antagonism of CD4, GaLV Env, and BST-2/tetherin is to recruit the SCF/betaTrCP ubiquitin ligase.
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CD4 receptor levels are very low in THP-1 differentiated cells and that this down-regulation of the virus receptor is the result of miR-221/miR-222 up-regulation during differentiation. In THP-1 cell line stably expressing a modified CD4 that is not modulated by miR-221/miR-222, productive HIV-1 infection occurs after cell differentiation.
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These findings highlight regions of cross talk between gp120 and gp41 and identify heptad repeat region 1(HR1) residues that play important roles in regulating CD4-induced conformational changes in Env.
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CD4(+) and CD19(+) peripheral lymphocytes of early stage AD patients exhibit mitochondrial depletion, as seen both at the level of DNA and protein
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Human microRNAs-221 and -222 inhibit HIV-1 entry in macrophages by targeting the CD4 viral receptor.
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CD4 has four ecto-domains (D1-D4), D1, D2, and D4 each contain a distinctive disulfide bond. Reduction of D2 disulfide decreases the dynamics of its surrounding beta-strands. Favorable inward collapse of structure occurs around the D2 disulfide after reduction.
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Long-term lung function decline in asthma is associated with elevation of bronchial CD8 and CD4 at baseline, and CD8, CD3 and granzyme B at follow-up
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Our results indicate that CD4 expression and older age are adverse prognostic factors in wild-type NPM1, FLT3-ITD-negative CN-AML.
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We investigated the prevalence, magnitude and phenotype of CTAg-specific T cells in the blood of patients with testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). CD8(+) and CD4(+) T-cell responses against MAGE-A family antigens were present in 44% (20/45) of patients' samples assayed by ex vivo IFN-gamma ELISPOT. Spontaneous T-cell immunity against CTAg proteins therefore develops in many patients with testicular cancer.
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Depletion of the gamma2 or mu1A (AP1M1) subunits of AP-1, but not of gamma1 (AP1G1), precludes Nef-mediated lysosomal degradation of CD4.
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findings provide a mechanistic explanation for previous observations that dimerization-defective Nef mutants fail to down-regulate CD4 and validate the Nef dimerization interface as a target site for antiretroviral drug development
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Mouse leukemia cell lines that could express hCD4 and CCR5 were thus established to facilitate normal entry of HIV-1 so that a human CD4/CCR5 transgenic mice cell model can be used to investigate the transmission and pathogenesis of HIV/AIDS and potential antiviral drugs against this disease.
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The percentage of lamina propia CD4+LAP+ cells is increased in active ulcerative colitis, showing reduced suppressor activity due to their increased proportion of intracellular IL-17 expression.
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possible therapeutic targets for childhood severe asthmatics identified thru DNA microarray
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The study gives insights into the role of CD4 on cell membrane mechanical characteristics.
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A decrease of CD4(+) CD25(+) CD127(low) FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells with impaired suppressive function had been found in untreated ulcerative colitis patients.
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Redox shuffling of the allosteric disulfide results in previously undescribed conformational changes in CD4 that are likely important for its interaction with its protein partners.
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Increased levels of activated and highly susceptible HIV-1 target cells, reduced CD4 and enhanced CXCR4 cell surface expression, together with the high susceptibility to FAS-induced programmed cell death may contribute to the rapid CD4+ T cell depletion.
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HRB knock-down affected CD4 downregulation induced by Nef but not by HIV-1 Vpu.
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Increased CD4, IL-17, and COX-2 expression are associated with subclinical inflammation in malar melasma.
