CCL22 ELISA Kit

Catalog No. ABIN924824

Product Details CCL22 ELISA Kit

Target: CCL22 (Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 22 (CCL22))

Reactivity: Mouse

Detection Method: Colorimetric

Method Type: Sandwich ELISA

Detection Range: 8-1000 pg/mL

Minimum Detection Limit: 8 pg/mL

Application: ELISA

Purpose: The OmniKine? Murine MDC ELISA Kit contains the components necessary for quantitative determination of natural or recombinant Murine MDC concentrations within any experimental sample including cell lysates, serum and plasma. This particular immunoassay utilizes the quantitative technique of a "Sandwich" Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) where the target protein (antigen) is bound in a "sandwich" format by the primary capture antibodies coated to each well-bottom and the secondary detection antibodies added subsequently by the investigator. The capture antibodies coated to the bottom of each well are specific for a particular epitope on Murine MDC while the user-added detection antibodies bind to epitopes on the captured target protein. Amid each step of the procedure, a series of wash steps must be performed to ensure the elimination of non- specific binding between proteins to other proteins or to the solid phase. After incubation and "sandwiching" of the target antigen, a peroxidase enzyme is conjugated to the constant heavy chain of the secondary antibody (either covalently or via Avidin/Streptavidin-Biotin interactions), allowing for a colorimetric reaction to ensue upon substrate addition. When the substrate TMB (3, 3', 5, 5'-Tetramethylbenzidine) is added, the reaction catalyzed by peroxidase yields a blue color that is representative of the antigen concentration. Upon sufficient color development, the reaction can be terminated through addition of Stop Solution (2 N Sulfuric Acid) where the color of the solution will turn yellow. The absorbance of each well can then be read by a spectrophotometer, allowing for generation of a standard curve and subsequent determination of protein concentration.

Brand: OmniKine™

Sample Type: Cell Lysate, Serum, Plasma

Analytical Method: Quantitative

Specificity: The Murine MDC ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Murine MDC proteins.

Cross-Reactivity (Details): The Murine MDC ELISA is capable of recognizing both recombinant and naturally produced Murine MDC proteins. The antigens listed below were tested at 50 ng/mL and did not exhibit significant cross reactivity or interference. Human: MDC (67 aa), MDC (69 aa) Murine: C-10, CTACK, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, Exodus-2, JE, KC, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-5, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-1γ, MIP-2, MIP-3, MIP-3β, RANTES

Characteristics: The Murine MDC ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Murine MDC proteins within the range of 8-1000 pg/mL.

Components:

• Microstrips Coated w / Capture Antibody: 12 x 8-Well Microstrips
• Protein Standard: Lyophilized (100 ng), Red container
• Biotinylated Detection Antibody: Lyophilized, Yellow container
• 400x Streptavidin-HRP: 30 μL, Blue container
• Wash Buffer (10x): 50 mL, Clear containter
• Assay Diluent: 50 mL, Clear container
• Ready-to-Use Substrate: 12 mL, Brown container
• Stop Solution: 12 mL, Clear container
• Adhesive Plate Sealers: 4 Sheets
• Technical Manual 1 Manual

Material not included: The following materials and/or equipment are NOT provided in this kit but are necessary to successfully conduct the experiment:
Microplate reader able to measure absorbance at 450 nm (with correction wavelength set to 540 nm or 570 nm)
Micropipettes with capability of measuring volumes ranging from 1 μl to 1 mL
Deionized or sterile water
Squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, multichannel pipette reservoir or automated microplate washer
Graph paper or computer software capable of generating or displaying logarithmic functions
Absorbent paper or vacuum aspirator
Test tubes or microfuge tubes capable of storing ≥1 mL
Bench
top centrifuge (optional)
Bench
top vortex (optional)
Orbital shaker (optional)

Application Details

Plate: Pre-coated

Protocol: This particular immunoassay utilizes the quantitative technique of a Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) where the target protein (antigen) is bound in a sandwich format by the primary capture antibodies coated to each well-bottom and the secondary detection antibodies added subsequently by the investigator. The capture antibodies coated to the bottom of each well are specific for a particular epitope on the Murine MDC cytokine while the user-added detection antibodies bind to epitopes on the captured target protein. Amid each step of the procedure, a series of wash steps must be performed to ensure the elimination of non-specific binding between proteins to other proteins or to the solid phase. After incubation and sandwiching of the target antigen, a peroxidase enzyme is conjugated to the constant heavy chain of the secondary antibody (either covalently or via Avidin/Streptavidin-Biotin interactions), allowing for a colorimetric reaction to ensue upon substrate addition. When the substrate TMB (3, 3’, 5, 5’- Tetramethylbenzidine) is added, the reaction catalyzed by peroxidase yields a blue color that is representative of the antigen concentration. Upon sufficient color development, the reaction can be terminated through addition of Stop Solution (2 N Sulfuric Acid) where the color of the solution will turn yellow. The absorbance of each well can then be read by a spectrophotometer, allowing for generation of a standard curve and subsequent determination of protein concentration.

Sample Preparation:

If samples are to be used within 24 hours, aliquot and store at 4 °C. If samples are to be used over a long period of time, aliquot and store between -20 °C and -80 °C, depending on the duration of storage.
Note: Samples containing a visible precipitate or pellet must be clarified prior to use in the assay.
Caution: Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles to prevent loss of biological activity of proteins in experimental samples.

• Cell Lysate and Supernatants:
  Remove large cell components via centrifugation and perform the assay. Cell lysates and supernatants require a dilution using Assay Diluent. A serial dilution may be performed to determine a suitable dilution factor for the sample. For future use of the sample, follow the sample storage guidelines stated above.
• Serum:
  Allow samples to clot in a serum separator tube (SST) for 30 minutes. After sufficient clotting, centrifuge at 1000 x g for 15 minutes and remove serum from SST in preparation for the assay. Serum samples require at least a 1:50 dilution using Assay Diluent. For future use of the sample, follow the storage guidelines above.
• Plasma:
  Use heparin, citrate or EDTA as an anticoagulant to gather plasma from original biological sample. After collection of the plasma, centrifuge for 15 minutes at 1000 x g. This step must be performed within 30 minutes of plasma collection. Plasma samples require at least a 1:50 dilution using Assay Diluent. Afterwards, perform the assay or for future use of the sample, follow the storage guidelines stated above.

Assay Procedure:

Note: If possible, all incubation steps should be performed on an orbital shaker to equilibrate solutions when added to the microplate wells. Also, all provided solutions should be at ambient temperature prior to use.
Note: Avoid adding solutions into wells at an angle, always keep pipette tip perpendicular to plate bottom.

Reconstitution of Provided Materials:

1. Reconstitute the Biotin-Conjugated Detection Antibody in 67 µL of ddH₂O for a concentration of 180 µg/ml.
2. Reconstitute the Protein Standard in 100 µL of ddH₂O for a concentration of 340 ng/ml.
3. Dilute the 50 mL of 10x Wash Buffer in 450 mL of ddH2O for 500 mL of 1x Wash Buffer.

Addition of Known Standard and Unknown Sample to Immunoassay:

The OmniKine™ Human CD163 ELISA Kit allows for the detection and quantification of endogenous levels of natural and/or recombinant Human CD163 proteins

Calculation of Results:

Generation of Standard Curve and Interpretation of Data
1. Average the duplicate or triplicate readings for each standard, control and sample and subtract the average zero standard optical density.
2. Generate a standard curve by using Microsoft Excel or other computer software capable of establishing a 4- Parameter Logistic (4-PL) curve fit. If using Excel or an alternative graphing tool, plot the average optical density values in absorbance units (y-axis) against the known standard concentrations in pg/ml (x-axis). Note: Only use the values in which a noticeable gradient can be established. Afterwards, generate a best fit curve or trend-line through the plotted points via regression analysis. Note: Shown below is an example of typical data produced by analysis of the standard sample.

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Precaution of Use: Reagents provided in this kit may be harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Please carefully review the MSDS for each reagent before conducting the experiment.
Stop Solution contains 2 N Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and is an extremely corrosive agent. Please wear proper eye, hand and face protection when handling this material. When the experiment is finished, be sure to rinse the plate with copious amounts of running water to dilute the Stop Solution prior to disposing the plate.

Handling Advice: This ELISA kit is intended for research purposes only, NOT diagnostic or clinical procedures of any kind.
Materials included in this kit should NOT be used past the expiration date on the kit label.
Reagents or substrates included in this kit should NOT be mixed or substituted with reagents or substrates from any other kits.
Variations in pipetting technique, washing technique, operator laboratory technique, kit age, incubation time or temperature may cause differences in binding affinity of the materials provided.
The assay is designed to eliminate interference and background by other cellular macromolecules or factors present within any biological samples. However, the possibility of background noise cannot be fully excluded until all factors have been tested using the assay kit.

Reagents provided in this kit may be harmful if ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin. Please carefully review the MSDS for each reagent before conducting the experiment.
Stop Solution contains 2 N Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4) and is an extremely corrosive agent. Please wear proper eye, hand and face protection when handling this material. When the experiment is finished, be sure to rinse the plate with copious amounts of running water to dilute the Stop Solution prior to disposing the plate.

Storage: 4 °C

Storage Comment: Note: If used frequently, reagents may be stored at 4 °C.

• Unopened Kits: Store at 4 °C for 6 months.
• Microstrips Coated w/ Capture Antibody, 400x Streptavidin-HRP Wash Buffer (10x), Assay Diluent Ready-to-Use Substrate, Stop Solution: 6 Months at 4 °C
• Protein Standard, Biotinylated Detection Antibody: Lyophilized: 6 Months (if Reconstituted: 1 Month) at 4 °C

Target Details for CCL22

Target: CCL22 (Chemokine (C-C Motif) Ligand 22 (CCL22))

Alternative Name: MDC (CCL22 Products)

Synonyms: ABCD-1 ELISA Kit, DC/B-CK ELISA Kit, MDC ELISA Kit, SCYA22 ELISA Kit, STCP-1 ELISA Kit, DCBCK ELISA Kit, Scya22 ELISA Kit, Mdc ELISA Kit, CCL22 ELISA Kit, C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 ELISA Kit, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22 ELISA Kit, CCL22 ELISA Kit, Ccl22 ELISA Kit

Background: Murine MDC, also known as mouse macrophage-derived chemokine, ABCD-1 or CCL22, is a 7.8 kDa signaling protein produced in B lymphocytes (B-cells), microglia, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, activated cytotoxic lymphocytes (NK, natural killer cells), CD4 T lymphocytes (T-cells) and many more cell types. This protein, expressed from the gene Ccl22, is known to be a member of the C-C or β-chemokine family through its intrinsic pair of disulfide linkages formed by four conserved cysteine residues. In addition, the protein also consists of a C- terminal heparin-binding motif and no potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The precursor mMDC protein is initially synthesized as a 92 amino acid polypeptide characterized by an N-terminal signal sequence followed by the actual mMDC polypeptide. After proteolytic cleavage of the 24 amino acid residue signal sequence, the 68 residue mMDC peptide is allowed to fold into a mature mMDC protein where it can provide support to a plethora of immune functions. Normally, chemokines undergo significant N-terminal processing which allows for up- and down-regulation of their physiology and function. Moreover, some chemokines are subject to processing by peptidases, considerably reducing their activity on neighboring lymphocytes and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. The MDC protein is implicated in a variety of pathways regarding lymphocyte migration. Through its high affinity binding with CCR4 receptors studded on the plasma membranes of activated T cells, the MDCs expressed by dendritic cells are able to chemoattract these lymphocytes to augment immune functions. In addition, MDCs expressed by dendritic cells have high affinity for and can chemically attract CD4+, CD25+ and CTLA4+ regulatory T cells - all displaying membrane CCR4 receptors - to inflammatory regions where T cells have weakened activation. Another type of MDC produced from B lymphocytes can help stimulate B-T cell interactions through the formation of germinal centers, or sites within lymph nodes that provide a hub for B-cell proliferation, differentiation and hyper-mutation through activation by T-cell dependent antigens. Furthermore, countless studies have revealed that the MDC protein can function as a powerful chemoattractant for dendritic cells, hematopoietic precursor cells and activated cytotoxic killer cells, as well as activate platelet functions and inhibit hippocampal synapses.

Gene ID: 20299

UniProt: O88430