Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex ELISA Kit

Catalog No. ABIN612785

Product Details Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex ELISA Kit

Target: Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex (TAT)

Reactivity: Human

Detection Method: Colorimetric

Method Type: Sandwich ELISA

Minimum Detection Limit: 1 ng/mL

Application: ELISA

Purpose: The AssayMax TAT complexes ELISA kit is designed for detection of human TAT complexes in plasma, milk, and cell culture supernatants

Brand: AssayMax

Sample Type: Plasma, Cell Culture Supernatant

Analytical Method: Quantitative

Components: Antithrombin Microplate: A 96 well polystyrene microplate (12 strips of 8 wells) coated with a monoclonal antibody against Antithrombin. Sealing Tapes: Each kit contains 3 pre-cut, pressure-sensitive sealing tapes that can be cut to fit the format of the individual assay. TAT Complexes Standard: Human TAT complexes in a buffered protein base (360 ng lyophilized). Biotinylated Thrombin Antibody (25x): A 25-fold concentrated biotinylated polyclonal antibody against thrombin (280µl). MIx Diluent Concentrate (10x): A 10-fold concentrated buffered protein base (30 ml). 1 Wash Buffer Concentrate (20x): A 20-fold concentrated buffered surfactant (30 ml, 2 bottles). Streptavidin-Peroxidase Conjugate (SP Conjugate): A 100-fold concentrate (80µl). Chromogen Substrate: A ready-to-use stabilized peroxidase chromogen substrate tetramethylbenzidine (8 ml). Stop Solution: A 0.5 N hydrochloric acid to stop the chromogen substrate reaction (12 ml).

Material not included: Microplate reader capable of measuring absorbance at 450 nm. Pipettes (1-20 µL, 20-200 µL, 200-1000µLand multiple channel). Deionized or distilled reagent grade water.

Application Details

Sample Volume: 50 μL

Assay Time: < 4 h

Plate: Pre-coated

Protocol: This assay employs a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique that measures TAT complexes in less than 4 hours. A monoclonal antibody specific for Antithrombin has been pre-coated onto a microplate. TAT complexes in standards and samples are sandwiched by the immobilized antibody and biotinylated polyclonal antibody specific for Thrombin, which is recognized by a streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate. All unbound material is then washed away and a peroxidase enzyme substrate is added. The color development is stopped and the intensity of the color is measured.

Reagent Preparation:

Freshly dilute all reagents and bring all reagents to room temperature before use. If crystals have formed in the concentrate, mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved. MIx Diluent Concentrate (10x): Dilute the MIx Diluent 1:10 with reagent grade water. Store for up to 1 month at 2-8°C. TAT Complexes Standard: Reconstitute the 360ng of human TAT Complexes Standard with 1 ml of MIx Diluent to generate a standard solution of 360 ng/ml. Allow the standard to sit for 10 minutes with gentle agitation prior to making dilutions. Prepare duplicate or triplicate standard points by serially diluting the Standard solution 1:3 with MIx Diluent to produce 120, 40, 13.33, 4.44 and 1.48 ng/ml. MIx Diluent serves as the zero standard (0 ng/ml). Any remaining solution should be frozen at -20°C. Standard Point Dilution [TAT] (ng/ml) P1 1 part Standard (360 ng/ml) + 2 part MIx Diluent 120.00 P2 1 part P1 + 2 parts MIx Diluent 40.00 P3 1 part P2 + 2 parts MIx Diluent 13.33 P4 1 part P3 + 2 parts MIx Diluent 4.44 P5 1 part P4 + 2 parts MIx Diluent 1.48 P6 MIx Dilutent 0.00 Biotinylated Thrombin Antibody (25x): Spin down the antibody briefly and dilute the desired amount of the antibody 1:25 with MIx Diluent. Any remaining solution should be frozen at -20°C. Wash Buffer Concentrate (20x): Dilute the Wash Buffer Concentrate 1:20 with reagent grade water. SP Conjugate (100x): Spin down the SP Conjugate briefly and dilute the desired amount of the conjugate 1:100 with MIx Diluent. Any remaining solution should be frozen at -20°C.

Sample Collection: Plasma: Collect plasma using one-tenth volume of 0.1 M sodium citrate as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples at 2000 x g for 10 minutes and assay. The undiluted samples can be stored at -20°C or below for up to 1 month. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. (EDTA or Heparin can also be used as anticoagulant.) Cell Culture Supernatants: Centrifuge cell culture media at 2000 x g for 10 minutes to remove debris. Collect supernatants and assay. Samples can be stored at -20°C or below for up to 1 month. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Milk: Collect milk using sample tube. Centrifuge samples at 800 x g for 10 minutes and assay. The undiluted samples can be stored at -20°C or below for up to 3 months. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

Assay Procedure:

Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as instructed. Bring all reagents to room temperature before use. The assay is performed at room temperature (20 - 30 °C). Remove excess microplate strips from the plate frame and return them immediately to the foil pouch with desiccant inside. Reseal the pouch securely to minimize exposure to water vapor and store in a vacuum desiccator. Add 50 µL of Standard or sample per well. Cover wells with a sealing tape and incubate for two hours. Start the timer after the last sample addition. Wash five times with 200 µL of Wash Buffer manually. Invert the plate each time and decant the contents, hit it 4-5 times on absorbent paper towel to completely remove the liquid. If using a machine wash six times with 300 µL of Wash Buffer and then invert the plate, decant the contents, hit it 4-5 times on absorbent paper towel to completely remove the liquid. Add 50 µL of Biotinylated TAT Antibody to each well and incubate for one hour. Wash a microplate as described above. Add 50 µL of Streptavidin-Peroxidase Conjugate per well and incubate for 30 minutes. Turn on the microplate reader and set up the program in advance. Wash a microplate as described above. Add 50 µL of Chromogen Substrate per well and incubate for about 15 minutes or till the optimal color density develops. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing and break the bubbles in the well with pipette tip. Add 50 µL of Stop Solution to each well. The color will change from blue to yellow. Read the absorbance on a microplate reader at a wavelength of 450 nm immediately. If wavelength correction is available, subtract readings at 570 nm from those at 450 nm to correct optical imperfections. Otherwise, read the plate at 450 nm only. Please note that some unstable black particles may be generated at high concentration points after stopping the reaction for about 10 minutes, which will reduce the readings. 3

Calculation of Results:

Calculate the mean value of the triplicate readings for each standard and sample. To generate a Standard Curve, plot 4-parameter graph using the standard concentrations on the x-axis and the corresponding mean 450 nm absorbance on the y-axis. T The best-fit line can be determined by regression analysis using log-log or four-parameter logistic curve-fit. Determine the unknown sample concentration from the Standard Curve and multiply the value by the dilution factor. Standard Curve The curve is provided for illustration only. A standard curve should be generated each time the assay is performed.

Assay Precision: Intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 4.9 % and 7.2 % respectively.

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Handling Advice: The kit should not be used beyond the expiration date.

Storage: 4 °C/-20 °C

Storage Comment: Store kit at 2-8°C or -20°C upon arrival up to the expiration date. Opened MIx Diluent may be stored for up to 1 month at 2-8°C. Store reconstituted reagents at -20°C or below. Opened unused strip wells may return to the foil pouch with the desiccant pack, reseal along zip-seal. May be stored for up to 1 month in a vacuum desiccator.

References for Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex ELISA Kit (ABIN612785)

Milleret, Ziogas, Buzzi, Heuberger, Zucker, Ehrbar: "Effect of oxide layer modification of CoCr stent alloys on blood activation and endothelial behavior." in: Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials, Vol. 103, Issue 3, pp. 629-40, (2015) (PubMed).

Joy, Tate, Younk, Davis: "Effects of Acute and Antecedent Hypoglycemia on Endothelial Function and Markers of Atherothrombotic Balance in Healthy Humans." in: Diabetes, Vol. 64, Issue 7, pp. 2571-80, (2015) (PubMed).

Huang, Wang, Wang, Chen, Zhao: "C5a inducing tissue factor expressing microparticles and neutrophil extracellular traps promote hypercoagulability in ANCA-associated vasculitis." in: Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), (2015) (PubMed).

Schilder, Nurmohamed, Ter Wee, Paauw, Girbes, Beishuizen, Beelen, Groeneveld: "Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Inhibitors in Failing Filters during Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: Effect of Anticoagulation Modalities." in: Blood purification, Vol. 39, Issue 4, pp. 297-305, (2015) (PubMed).

Nikolic, Adams, Otahal, Edwards, Sharman: "Association of von Willebrand factor blood levels with exercise hypertension." in: European journal of applied physiology, Vol. 115, Issue 5, pp. 1057-65, (2015) (PubMed).

Miyawaki, Suzuki, Fujita, Maki, Okuyama, Murata, Takagi, Murate, Kunishima, Sakai, Okamoto, Matsushita, Naoe, Saito, Kojima: "Thrombosis from a prothrombin mutation conveying antithrombin resistance." in: The New England journal of medicine, Vol. 366, Issue 25, pp. 2390-6, (2012) (PubMed).

Ozkan, Ulusoy, Sönmez, Karahan, Menteşe, Kaynar, Bektaş: "Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor (TAFI) Levels in Hypertensive Patients and a Comparison of the Effects of Amlodipine and Ramipril on TAFI Levels." in: Clinical and experimental hypertension (New York, N.Y. : 1993), (2012) (PubMed).

Target Details for Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex

Target: Thrombin-Antithrombin Complex (TAT)

Alternative Name: Thrombin-Antithrombin (TAT) Complexes (TAT Products)

Synonyms: tyrosine aminotransferase ELISA Kit, Tat ELISA Kit

Background: Thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complexes formed following the neutralization of thrombin by antithrombin III (AT) have been used as a surrogate marker for thrombin generation. High plasma level of TAT complexes has been suggested to alter hemostatic activation in argentine hemorrhagic fever , chronic dialysis patients , and toxemia of pregnancy. Whereas low plasma level of TAT complexes is found in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes , neonatal respiratory distress syndrome , and primary untreated cancer. TAT complexes are a useful marker to predict morphological changes in chronic aortic dissection.