Neutralization: To yield one-half maximal inhibition [ND50] of the biological activity ofHuman TNF-alpha (0.5 ng/mL), a concentration of < 0.1 μg/mL of this antibody is required. ELISA: In a Sandwich ELISA (assuming 100 μL/well), a concentration of 2-4 μg/mL of thisantibody will detect at least 1000 pg/mL of recombinant Human TNF-alpha when used withBiotin anti-Human TNF-alpha antibody (cat. PP1071B) as the detection antibody at aconcentration of approximately 0.5-1.0 μg/mL. Immunohistochemistry: This antibody stained formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sectionsof human breast invasive ductal carcinoma. A concentarion of 15.0-20.0 μg/mL isrecommended. Other applications not tested. Optimal dilutions are dependent on conditions and should be determined by the user.
Restrictions
For Research Use only
Reconstitution
Restore in sterile water to a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL.
Buffer
PBS without preservatives
Preservative
Without preservative
Handling Advice
Avoid repeated freezing and thawing.
Storage
4 °C/-20 °C
Storage Comment
Store the antibody prior to reconstitution at -20 °C. Following reconstitution the antibody can be stored at 2-8 °C for one month or at -20 °C for longer.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF alpha) is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumour bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five noncovalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumour Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis or cytostasis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.Synonyms: Cachectin, TNF, TNF-a, TNFA, TNFSF2, Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2