SORD ELISA Kit

Catalog No. ABIN456488

Product Details SORD ELISA Kit

Target: SORD (Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SORD))

Reactivity: Human

Detection Method: Colorimetric

Method Type: Sandwich ELISA

Detection Range: 0.312-20 U/L

Minimum Detection Limit: 0.312 U/L

Application: ELISA

Purpose: This immunoassay kit allows for the in vitro quantitative determination of human SDH concentrations in serum, plasma and other biological fluids.

Sample Type: Plasma, Serum

Analytical Method: Quantitative

Specificity: This assay recognizes recombinant and natural human SDH.

Cross-Reactivity (Details): No significant cross-reactivity or interference was observed.

Sensitivity: < 0.2 U/L
The sensitivity of this assay, or Lower Limit of Detection (LLD) was defined as the lowest detectable concentration that could be differentiated from zero.

Characteristics: Homo sapiens,Human,Sorbitol dehydrogenase,L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase,SORD,1.1.1.14

Components: Reagent (Quantity): Assay plate (1), Standard (2), Sample Diluent (1×20ml), Assay Diluent A (1×10ml), Assay Diluent B (1×10ml), Detection Reagent A (1×120 μl), Detection Reagent B (1×120 μl), Wash Buffer(25 x concentrate) (1×30ml), Substrate (1×10ml), Stop Solution (1×10ml), Plate sealer for 96 wells (5), Instruction (1)

Material not included: Microplate reader. Pipettes and pipette tips. EP tube Deionized or distilled water.

Application Details

Sample Volume: 100 μL

Plate: Pre-coated

Protocol: The microtiter plate provided in this kit has been pre-coated with an antibody specific to SDH. Standards or samples are then added to the appropriate microtiter plate wells with a biotin-conjugated polyclonal antibody preparation specific for SDH. Next, Avidin conjugated to Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) is added to each microplate well and incubated. Then a TMB substrate solution is added to each well. Only those wells that contain SDH, biotin-conjugated antibody and enzyme-conjugated Avidin will exhibit a change in color. The enzyme-substrate reaction is terminated by the addition of a sulphuric acid solution and the color change is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 450 nm 2 nm. The concentration of SDH in the samples is then determined by comparing the O.D. of the samples to the standard curve.

Reagent Preparation:

Bring all reagents to room temperature before use. Wash Buffer - If crystals have formed in the concentrate, warm to room temperature and mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved. Dilute 30 mL of Wash Buffer Concentrate into deionized or distilled water to prepare 750 mL of Wash Buffer. Standard - Reconstitute the Standard with 1.0 ml of Sample Diluent. This reconstitution produces a stock solution of 40 U/L. Allow the standard to sit for about 10 minutes with gentle agitation prior to making serial dilutions (Making serial dilution in the wells directly is not permitted). Please firstly dilute the stock solution to 20 U/L and the diluted standard serves as the high standard (20 U/L). The Sample Diluent serves as the zero standard (0 U/L). U/L 40 20 10 5 2.5 1.25 0.625 0.312 0 Detection Reagent A and B - Dilute to the working concentration using Assay Diluent A or B (1:100), respectively. 4

Sample Collection: Serum - Use a serum separator tube and allow samples to clot for 30 minutes before centrifugation for 20 minutes at approximately 1000 g. Remove serum and assay immediately or aliquot and store samples at -20 or -80 . Plasma - Collect plasma using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge samples for 15 minutes at 1000 g at 2 - 8 within 30 minutes of collection. Store samples at -20 or -80 . Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Other biological fluids - Remove particulates by centrifugation and assay immediately or aliquot and store samples at -20 or -80 . Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Note: Serum and plasma to be used within 7 days may be stored at 2-8 , otherwise samples must stored at -20 ( 1 month) or -80 ( 2 months) to avoid loss of 3 bioactivity and contamination. Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. When performing the assay slowly bring samples to room temperature.

Assay Procedure:

Allow all reagents to reach room temperature (Please do not dissolve the reagents at 37 directly.). All the reagents should be mixed thoroughly by gently swirling before pipetting. Avoid foaming. Keep appropriate numbers of strips for 1 experiment and remove extra strips from microtiter plate. Removed strips should be resealed and stored at 4 until the kits expiry date. Prepare all reagents, working standards and samples as directed in the previous sections. Please predict the concentration before assaying. If values for these are not within the range of the standard curve, users must determine the optimal sample dilutions for their particular experiments.
1. Add 100 of Standard, Blank, or Sample per well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for two hours at 37 .
2. Remove the liquid of each well, don ’ t wash.
3. Add 100 μ l of Detection Reagent A working solution to each well. Cover with the Plate sealer. Incubate for 1 hour at 37 . Detection Reagent A working solution may appear cloudy. Warm to room temperature and mix gently until solution appears uniform.
4. Aspirate each well and wash, repeating the process three times for a total of three washes. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (approximately 400 μ l) using a squirt bottle, multi-channel pipette, manifold dispenser or autowasher. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential to good performance. After the last wash, remove any remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or decanting. Invert the plate and blot it against clean paper towels.
5. Add 100 μ l of Detection Reagent B working solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer. Incubate for one hour at 37 .
6. Repeat the aspiration/wash process for five times as conducted in step
4. 7. Add 90 μ l of Substrate Solution to each well. Cover with a new Plate sealer. Incubate for 15 - 30 minutes at 37 . Protect from light.
8. Add 50 μ l of Stop Solution to each well. If color change does not appear uniform, gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
9. Determine the optical density of each well at once, using a microplate reader set to 450 nm.
Important Note:
1. Absorbance is a function of the incubation time. Therefore, prior to starting the assay it is recommended that all reagents should be freshly prepared prior to use and all required strip-wells are secured in the microtiter frame. This will ensure equal elapsed time for each pipetting step, without interruption.
2. Please carefully reconstitute Standards or working Detection Reagent A and B according to the instruction, and avoid foaming and mix gently until the crystals have completely dissolved. The reconstituted Standards can be used only once. This assay requires pipetting of small volumes. To minimize imprecision caused by pipetting, ensure that pipettors are calibrated. It is recommended to suck more than 10 μ l for once pipetting. 5
3. To ensure accurate results, proper adhesion of plate sealers during incubation steps is necessary. Do not allow wells to sit uncovered for extended periods between incubation steps. Once reagents have been added to the well strips, DO NOT let the strips DRY at any time during the assay.
4. For each step in the procedure, total dispensing time for addition of reagents to the assay plate should not exceed 10 minutes.
5. To avoid cross-contamination, change pipette tips between additions of each standard level, between sample additions, and between reagent additions. Also, use separate reservoirs for each reagent.
6. The wash procedure is critical. Insufficient washing will result in poor precision and falsely elevated absorbance readings.
7. Duplication of all standards and specimens, although not required, is recommended.
8. Substrate Solution is easily contaminated. Please protect it from light.

Calculation of Results:

Average the duplicate readings for each standard, control, and samples and subtract the average zero standard optical density. Create a standard curve by reducing the data using computer software capable of generating a four parameter logistic (4-PL) curve-fit. As an alternative, construct a standard curve by plotting the mean absorbance for each standard on the x-axis against the concentration on the y-axis and draw a best fit curve through the points on the graph. The data may be linearized by plotting the log of the SDH concentrations versus the log of the O.D. and the best fit line can be determined by regression analysis. It is recommended to use some related software to do this calculation, such as curve expert 13.0. This procedure will produce an adequate but less precise fit of the data. If samples have been diluted, the concentration read from the standard curve must be multiplied by the dilution factor.

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Handling Advice: 1. The kit should not be used beyond the expiration date on the kit label.
2. Do not mix or substitute reagents with those from other lots or sources.
3. If samples generate values higher than the highest standard, further dilute the samples and repeat the assay. Any variation in standard diluent, operator, pipetting technique, washing technique,incubation time or temperature, and kit age can cause variation in binding.
4. This assay is designed to eliminate interference by soluble receptors, ligands, binding proteins, and other factors present in biological samples. Until all factors have been tested in the Immunoassay, the possibility of interference cannot be excluded.
5. Limited by the current condition and scientific technology, we can't completely conduct the comprehensive identification and analysis on the raw material provided by suppliers. So there might be some qualitative and technical risks to use the kit.

Storage: 4 °C/-20 °C

Storage Comment: The Standard, Detection Reagent A, Detection Reagent B and the 96-well strip plate should be stored at -20 °C upon being received. The other reagents can be stored at 4 °C.

Target Details for SORD

Target: SORD (Sorbitol Dehydrogenase (SORD))

Alternative Name: SORD (SORD Products)

Synonyms: SORD1 ELISA Kit, Sdh-1 ELISA Kit, Sdh1 ELISA Kit, Sodh-1 ELISA Kit, SDH ELISA Kit, sord ELISA Kit, MGC83437 ELISA Kit, BmSDH ELISA Kit, PSPTO0363 ELISA Kit, SODH-1 ELISA Kit, RATSDHE1 ELISA Kit, SDH2 ELISA Kit, Sdh ELISA Kit, Sdhe1 ELISA Kit, TDH ELISA Kit, 4733401P19Rik ELISA Kit, AI836084 ELISA Kit, CGI-97 ELISA Kit, SDS ELISA Kit, zgc:63674 ELISA Kit, sorbitol dehydrogenase ELISA Kit, sorbitol dehydrogenase L homeolog ELISA Kit, Sorbitol dehydrogenase ELISA Kit, serine dehydratase ELISA Kit, SBDS ribosome maturation factor ELISA Kit, SORD ELISA Kit, Sord ELISA Kit, sord.L ELISA Kit, sord ELISA Kit, Sdh ELISA Kit, LOC733025 ELISA Kit, polS ELISA Kit, RS_RS10765 ELISA Kit, sdh ELISA Kit, smoS ELISA Kit, Rsph17029_1731 ELISA Kit, Srd ELISA Kit, RSKD131_1411 ELISA Kit, SDS ELISA Kit, Sds ELISA Kit, Sbds ELISA Kit

Background: Sorbitol dehydrogenase also known as SORD is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SORD gene. Sorbitol dehydrogenase is an enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism converting sorbitol, the sugar alcohol form of glucose, into fructose. Together with aldose reductase, it provides a way for the body to produce fructose from glucose without using ATP. Sorbitol dehydrogenase uses NAD+ as a cofactor, its reaction is sorbitol + NAD+ + H+ --greater than fructose + NADH. A zinc ion is also involved in catalysis. Organs that use it most frequently include the liver and seminal vesicle, it is found in all kinds of organisms from bacteria to humans. A secondary use is the metabolism of dietary sorbitol, though sorbitol is known not to absorb as well in the intestine as its related compounds glucose and fructose, and is usually found in quite small amounts in the diet anyway (except when used as an artificial sweetener). The structure of human sorbitol dehydrogenase was determined through crystallization experiments and X-ray diffraction (with a resolution of 2.20 Å ). The method used for crystallization was “ Vapor Diffusion, Hanging Drop ” at pH 6.2 and at a temperature of 295.0 K. Sorbitol dehydrogenase consists of four identical chains (A, B, C, D), each of which is 31% helical (14 helices) and 26% beta sheet (23 strands). MolProbity Ramachandran analysis was conducted by Lovell, Davis, et al. The results were that 97.1% of all residues were in favored regions and 100.0% of all residues were in allowed regions, with no outliers. All four chains have 356 residues each and a catalytic site. The catalytic sites contain both a serine and a histidine residue, which are hydrophilic sidechains. The residues require NAD+ and a zinc ion to be present for catalytic activity. Sorbitol deyhydrogenase belongs to the oxidoreductase family, which means it helps catalyze oxidation reduction reactions. As stated above, the enzyme helps in the pathway of converting glucose into fructose. 2.