HMGB1 Protein (Fully reduced)

Catalog No. ABIN1176823

This Recombinant HMGB1 protein is expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Quick Overview for HMGB1 Protein (Fully reduced) (ABIN1176823)

Target: HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1))

Protein Type: Recombinant

Biological Activity: Active

Origin: Human, Mouse, Rat

Source: Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Application: Cellular Assay (CA), Activation (Act)

Purity: > 95 % It contains no nucleic acids.

Product Details

Protein Characteristics: Fully reduced

Purpose: Fully reduced HMGB1 (ReHMGB1), LPS-Free

Sequence: HMGB1 consists of 215 amino acid residues: MGKGDPKKPR GKMSSYAFFV QTCREEHKKK HPDASVNFSE FSKKCSERWK TMSAKEKGKF EDMAKADKAR YEREMKTYIP PKGETKKKFK DPNAPKRPPS AFFLFCSEYR PKIKGEHPGL SIGDVAKKLG EMWNNTAADD KQPYEKKAAK LKEKYEKDIA AYRAKGKPDA AKKGVVKAEK SKKKKEEEDD EEDEEDEEEE EEEEDEDEEE DDDDE

Specificity: HMGB1 consists of two fairly rigid, L-shaped DNA-binding domains, each referred to as a ‘HMG box’, and an unstructured tail that ends with 30 consecutive negatively charged amino acids.

Cross-Reactivity (Details): the sequence and structure of HMGB1 have been strictly conserved during evolution, and HMGB1 proteins from all mammals are almost identical.

Characteristics: Fully reduced-HMGB1 we provide is the natural protein, with no tags or additional amino acids.

Purification: Purified
Oxidation of cysteine 106 makes the protein inactive. To avoid cysteine oxidation, DTT 0.5 mM is added during protein purification.

Endotoxin Level: LPS free: (Pierce™ Chromogenic Endotoxin Quant Kit, <0.1 EU/mL).

Biological Activity Comment: Measured by its ability to induce migration. Maximal activity in the cell migration assay is obtained at 1 nM, or 25 ng/ml (Palumbo et al. 2004).

Application Details

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Format: Lyophilized

Reconstitution: the lyophilized protein once reconstituted with distilled water will be dissolved in a solution containing 50 mM HEPES pH 7.9, 500 mM NaCl and DTT 0.5mM

Buffer: Lyophilized from 50 mM HEPES-Na pH 7.9, 500 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM DTT. The product contains <0.006% v/v of Triton X-114 due to LPS removal procedure. The remaining traces of Triton X-114 can be removed upon request.

Storage: 4 °C/-20 °C

Storage Comment: The protein once resuspended can be stored frozen (-20°C), thawed and re-frozen.

Target Details

Target: HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1))

Alternative Name: High-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1)

Background: HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that is released passively by necrotic cells, retained by apoptotic cells, and secreted actively by inflammatory cells.
HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that is released passively by necrotic cells, retained by apoptotic cells, and secreted actively by inflammatory cells.
HMGB1 is essential for life: Hmgb1 knockout mice die shortly after Birth (Dumitriu et al. 2005).
The two different activities of HMGB1 as a chemoattractanct of motile cells and as inducer of cytokines have been attributed to different biochemical forms.
Fully reduced HMGB1 complete notation: HMGB1C23hC45hC106h – Antoine J.,2014) is completely reduced and has chemoattractanct activity; Disulfide HMGB1 contains a disulfide bond between C23 and C45 (complete notation: HMGB1C23-C45C106h – Antoine J.,2014) and can induce cytokine and chemokine production in monocytes and other inflammatory cells.

Fully reduced HMGB1, also known as ReHMGB1, had previously been sold as Chemotaxis-HMGB1 LPS free and tested in migration assay, but is otherwise the same identical product.
Fully reduced HMGB1 behaves as a trigger of inflammation, attracting inflammatory cells, and of tissue repair, attracting stem cells and promoting their proliferation. Moreover, Fully reduced HMGB1 activates dedritic cells and promotes their functional maturation and migration to lymph nodes.
However, and contrary to early reports, pure Fully reduced HMGB1 does not promote cytokine secretion. Cytokine secretion is only promoted by disulfide HMGB1 (the form containing disulfide bond).

Molecular Weight: 25 kDa

Pathways: p53 Signaling, Regulation of Muscle Cell Differentiation, Skeletal Muscle Fiber Development, Positive Regulation of Endopeptidase Activity, Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolic Process, Toll-Like Receptors Cascades, Smooth Muscle Cell Migration, Inflammasome