GZMA Protein (AA 26-262)

Catalog No. ABIN2666490

Product Details

Target: GZMA (Granzyme A (Granzyme 1, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated serine Esterase 3) (GZMA))

Protein Type: Recombinant

Biological Activity: Active

Protein Characteristics: AA 26-262

Origin: Human

Source: HEK-293 Cells

Application: Intracellular Flow Cytometry (ICFC)

Purity: > 90 % , as determined by Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE.

Sterility: 0.22 μm filtered

Endotoxin Level:

Less than 1.0 EU per μg of protein as determine by the LAL method.

Application Details

Application Notes: Optimal working dilution should be determined by the investigator.

Comment:

Biological activity: Lysyl endopeptidase activated human granzyme A cleaves the peptide substrate N-carbobenzyloxy-Gly-Arg-ThioBenzyl ester (Z-GR-SBzl), in the presence of 5,5'Dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), with an activity >5,000 pmol/min/μg.

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Format: Liquid

Reconstitution: For maximum results, quick spin vial prior to opening.

Buffer: 0.22 μm filtered protein solution is in PBS, pH 7.4.

Handling Advice: Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Storage: -20 °C

Storage Comment: Unopened vial can be stored at -70°C for six months.

Target Details

Target: GZMA (Granzyme A (Granzyme 1, Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated serine Esterase 3) (GZMA))

Alternative Name: Granzyme A (GZMA Products)

Synonyms: gzmA Protein, GZMA Protein, AW494114 Protein, Ctla-3 Protein, Ctla3 Protein, Hf Protein, SE1 Protein, TSP-1 Protein, TSP1 Protein, CTLA3 Protein, HFSP Protein, granzyme A Protein, Granzyme A Protein, granzyme A (granzyme 1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated serine esterase 3) Protein, gzmA Protein, GZMA Protein, graa Protein, Gzma Protein

Background: Granzyme A is a serine protease belonging to the granzyme family and is expressed exclusively by cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and NK cells. Most circulating CD56+CD8- NK cells, and approximately half of circulating CD8+ T cells, coexpress both granzymes A and B. In contrast, few circulating CD4+ T cells express granzyme A or B. Activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes induces substantial expression of granzyme B, but not granzyme A. Following receptor-mediated conjugate formation between a granzyme-containing cell and an infected or transformed target cell, granzymes enter the target cell via endocytosis and induce apoptosis. Granzyme A was found to induce caspase independent cell death when it enters into the target cell by perforin. Once in a cell, granzyme A activates DNA nicking by DNAse NM23-H1, a tumor suppressor gene product whose expression is reduced in transformed, metastatic cells. Dysregulation of this pathway results in several human diseases, such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Besides the protease activity, granzyme A induces human lung fibroblasts to produce IL-6 and IL-8. Cytokine induction is abrogated by treating the serine protease with the suicide serine protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin. Other fibroblast lines, as well as epithelial cells, produce cytokines in response to granzyme A. These findings suggest that granzyme A can function as an activation molecule with potentially important immunoregulatory functions. However, CTLs from mice lacking granzyme A induce morphologically normal apoptosis in vitro, but those from mice that are deficient of granzyme B induce the nuclear features of apoptosis (particularly DNA fragmentation) more slowly than do wild-type CTLs.

Molecular Weight: This 252 amino acid recombinant protein has a predicted molecular mass of approximately 28 kDa. The protein migrates at about 35 kDa in DTT-reducing conditions and about 55 kDa in non-reducing conditions by SDS-PAGE.The predicted N-terminal amino acid is

Pathways: Apoptosis