ELISA: 1: 20000approx. 1: 40000. WB: 1: 500approx. 1: 1000. IHC: 1: 50approx. 1: 200. IF: 1: 50approx. 1: 200. Other applications not tested. Optimal dilutions are dependent on conditions and should be determined by the user.
The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO-1, 2, and 3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2, and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targets proteins to a variety of cellular processing, including nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and protein stability. The unconjugated SUMO-1, 2, and 3 proteins are approximately 11 kDa in mass and localize to the nuclear membrane, nuclear bodies, and cytoplasm, respectively. SUMO-1 utilizes Ubc9 for conjugation to several target proteins, which include IκBα, MDM2, p53, PML, and RanGap1. SUMO-2 and 3 contribute to a greater percentage of protein modification than does SUMO-1, and unlike SUMO-1, they can form polymeric chains. In addition, SUMO-3 regulates Amyloid β generation and may be critical in the onset or progression of Alzheimer's disease.Synonyms: GAP-modifying protein 1, GMP1, SMT3 homolog 3, SMT3C, SMT3H3, Sentrin, Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1, UBL1, Ubiquitin-homology domain protein PIC1, Ubiquitin-like protein SMT3C, Ubiquitin-like protein UBL1