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Background
DIO3 (deiodinase, iodothyronine, type III), also known as D3, 5DIII, TXDI3 or DIOIII, is a single-pass type II membrane protein that belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family of proteins. Members of the iodothyronine deiodinase family play an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism. Expressed in placenta and various fetal tissues, DIO3 localizes to the cell membrane and plays an important role regulating the activity of thyroid hormones during morphogenesis. More specifically, DIO3 functions as the major physiologic inactivator of thyroid hormones, catalyzing the inner-ring deiodination (the removal of iodine groups) of 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) to their inactive metabolites 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (RT3 or reverse T3) and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2), respectively. Through its ability to inactivate thyroid hormones, DIO3 effects thermoregulation, gene expression and energy metabolism, as well as a number of other important reactions in cell maintenance and differentiation.Synonyms: 5DIII, DIOIII, ITDI3, TXDI3, Type 3 DI, Type III iodothyronine deiodinase, Type-III 5'-deiodinase