H2AFX antibody

Catalog No. ABIN4903911

Product Details anti-H2AFX Antibody

Target: H2AFX (H2A Histone Family, Member X (H2AFX))

Reactivity: Human, Rat

Host: Rabbit

Clonality: Polyclonal

Conjugate: This H2AFX antibody is un-conjugated

Application: Western Blotting (WB), Immunohistochemistry (IHC)

Characteristics: Histone H2A.X is a variant histone that represents approximately 10 % of the total H2A histone proteins in normal human fibroblasts (1). H2A.X is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and DNA repair following double-stranded DNA breaks (1). DNA damage, caused by ionizing radiation, UV-light, or radiomimetic agents, results in rapid phosphorylation of H2A.X at Ser139 by PI3K-like kinases, including ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK (2,3). Within minutes following DNA damage, H2A.X is phosphorylated at Ser139 at sites of DNA damage (4). This very early event in the DNA-damage response is required for recruitment of a multitude of DNA-damage response proteins, including MDC1, NBS1, RAD50, MRE11, 53BP1, and BRCA1 (1). In addition to its role in DNA-damage repair, H2A.X is required for DNA fragmentation during apoptosis and is phosphorylated by various kinases in response to apoptotic signals. H2A.X is phosphorylated at Ser139 by DNA-PK in response to cell death receptor activation, c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK1) in response to UV-A irradiation, and p38 MAPK in response to serum starvation (5-8). H2A.X is constitutively phosphorylated on Tyr142 in undamaged cells by WSTF (Williams-Beuren syndrome transcription factor) (9,10). Upon DNA damage, and concurrent with phosphorylation of Ser139, Tyr142 is dephosphorylated at sites of DNA damage by recruited EYA1 and EYA3 phosphatases (9). While phosphorylation at Ser139 facilitates the recruitment of DNA repair proteins and apoptotic proteins to sites of DNA damage, phosphorylation at Tyr142 appears to determine which set of proteins are recruited. Phosphorylation of H2A.X at Tyr142 inhibits the recruitment of DNA repair proteins and promotes binding of pro-apoptotic factors such as JNK1 (9). Mouse embryonic fibroblasts expressing only mutant H2A.X Y142F, which favors recruitment of DNA repair proteins over apoptotic proteins, show a reduced apoptotic response to ionizing radiation (9). Thus, it appears that the balance of H2A.X Tyr142 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation provides a switch mechanism to determine cell fate after DNA damage.

Purification: Affinity purification

Isotype: IgG

Application Details

Application Notes: WB 1:500-1:2000, IHC 1:50-1:200, IF 1:20-1:100, IP 1:20-1:100

Restrictions: For Research Use only

Handling

Format: Liquid

Concentration: 1 mg/mL

Buffer: PBS with 0.02 % sodium azide, 50 % glycerol, pH 7.4

Preservative: Sodium azide

Precaution of Use: This product contains Sodium azide: a POISONOUS AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE which should be handled by trained staff only.

Handling Advice: Avoid repeated freeze/thaw cycles.

Storage: -20 °C

Storage Comment: Store at -20°C.

Target Details for H2AFX

Target: H2AFX (H2A Histone Family, Member X (H2AFX))

Alternative Name: Histone H2A.X (H2AFX Products)

Synonyms: H2A.X antibody, H2A/X antibody, H2AX antibody, AW228881 antibody, H2ax antibody, Hist5-2ax antibody, gammaH2ax antibody, zgc:56329 antibody, h2a.x antibody, h2a/x antibody, h2ax antibody, RGD1566119 antibody, h2a antibody, h2afx antibody, H2A histone family member X antibody, H2A histone family, member X antibody, H2A histone family member X L homeolog antibody, histone cluster 1, H2ah antibody, histone cluster 2, H2ab S homeolog antibody, histone H2AX antibody, H2AFX antibody, H2afx antibody, h2afx antibody, h2afx.L antibody, HIST1H2AH antibody, hist2h2ab.S antibody, LOC100522201 antibody, LOC100720536 antibody

Gene ID: 3014

UniProt: P16104

Pathways: Telomere Maintenance, DNA Damage Repair, Positive Regulation of Response to DNA Damage Stimulus